{"SearchQueryResult":{"Version":"5.3.0","SuggestedQuery":"","Collection":[{"Id":"semina","MorphemeAnalysis":{"Field":{"sj":"","cn":"","pblcnInstt":"","TAG":"","rm":""}},"DocumentSet":{"Count":"3","TotalCount":"484","Document":[{"Uid":"406","Rank":"0","Date":"2026/07/01 05:00:49","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"semina","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"4024","Date":"20260701050049","no":"4024","sj":"ESG 콜로키움 2026","cn":"

○ 행사 주최/주관 : 머니투데이

○ 개최시간 / 개최장소 : 13:30 ~ 17:10 / 서울 영등포구 의사당대로 143 한국금융투자협회 3층 불스홀 


○ 개최형태(온라인/오프라인 온&오프라인) : 오프라인


○ 행사 주요 키워드 : 글로벌 ESG 흐름, 정부 ESG 정책, ESG 투자 시장의 현황과 특이점 등 


○ 행사 등록 및 관련 링크(URL) :   https://onoffmix.com/event/344958


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○ 행사 주최/주관 : 김용태·김소희 의원실, 경제사회연구원 

○ 개최시간 / 개최장소 : 10:00 ~ 11:50 / 서울 영등포구 의사당대로 1 국회의원회관 제6간담회의실(209호) 


○ 개최형태(온라인/오프라인 온&오프라인) : 오프라인


○ 행사 주요 키워드 : AI 혁명과 경제안보 시대의 기후에너지 정책 재설계, AI 산업 재편과 전력시장 전망 등


○ 행사 등록 및 관련 링크(URL) :   https://ampos.nanet.go.kr:7443/seminarList.do?searchGubun=cal#searchGubun=search&curPage=1&curMonth=202607&fileNo=&searchType=&queryText=&fromDate=2026-07-07&endDate=2026-07-07&sort=asc



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○ 행사 주최/주관 : 울산광역시, 울산상공회의소


○ 개최시간 / 개최장소 : 10:00 ~ 18:00 / 울산 남구 돋질로 97 울산상공회의소 6층 2회의실


○ 개최형태(온라인/오프라인 온&오프라인) : 오프라인


○ 행사 주요 키워드 : 총 5회 매주 목요일 커리큘럼 진행, ESG 최신 동향, 제조기업 ESG 동향 및 전환계획, ESG 공급망 요구사항 등 


○ 행사 등록 및 관련 링크(URL) :   https://ulsan.korcham.net/front/event/eventView.do?menuId=


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한국환경산업기술원 공고 제2026-096호


2026년 친환경경영(ESG경영체계 구축) 컨설팅 지원사업 참여기업 모집공고 안내


기후에너지환경부와 한국환경산업기술원에서는 국내 기업의 ESG 규제 대응 역량 및 수출 경쟁력 강화를 위해 「친환경경영(ESG경영체계 구축) 컨설팅 지원 사업」을 추진하고 있습니다.

참여를 희망하는 국내 수출 기업은 아래 내용을 참고하여 신청해주시기 바랍니다.

 

2026년 6월 1일

한국환경산업기술원장

 

□ 사업 개요

O 사업명: 2026년 친환경경영(ESG경영체계 구축) 컨설팅 지원사업

O 대상/규모: 친환경경영 제고를 위한 개선이 필요한 국내 수출기업 제조분야 중소·중견기업 20개사 내외

O 지원내용

 1) 친환경경영(ESG경영체계 구축) 컨설팅: ESG경영체계 구축, 온실가스 인벤토리 구축, 친환경 공정진단 및 개선(지원 사업장에 한함) 등

O 접수기한: 2026.6.1.(월) ~ 6.19.(금) (첨부서류 제출 포함)

※ 구체적인 제출서류 및 기한은 공고문 참고

O 신청방법: 온라인 제출

※ 환경책임투자플랫폼(www.gmi.go.kr) - 환경경영 - ESG컨설팅 지원사업 접수 [바로가기]

O 문의처: 한국환경산업기술원 ESG경영지원실 / ☎ 02-2284-1968, E-mail: iop2040@keiti.re.kr

 

 붙임. 2026년 친환경경영(ESG) 컨설팅 지원사업 모집 공고문 1부

","rdcnt":"248","rgtrId":"efthuko1","strRegDt":"2026-06-12","regDt":"2026-06-12 11:16:25.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"23","STUS":"Y","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"2","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"환경책임투자","attachFile":"..PAGE:1 - 1 - 한국환경산업기술원 공고 제2026-096호 2026년 친환경경영(ESG경영체계 구축) 컨설팅 지원사업 참여기업 모집 안내 기후에너지환경부와 한국환경산업기술원에서는 국내 기업의 ESG 규제 대응 역량 및 수출 경쟁력 강화를 위해「친환경경영(ESG경영체계 구축) 컨설팅지원사업」을 추진하고 있습니다.참여를 희망하는 국내 수출기업은아래 내용을 참고하여 신청해주시기 바랍니다. 2026년 6월 1일 한국환경산업기술원장 1 목적 ○ ESG경영체계 및 온실가스 인벤토리 구축·친환경공정개선 지원 등을 통한 주요 수출기업의 친환경경영(ESG)역량 강화 2 사업개요 ○ 사 업 명:친환경경영(ESG경영체계 구축)컨설팅 지원사업 ○ 사업기간:착수일로부터 ~2026.12.11.까지 ○ 지원대상:친환경경영 제고를 위한 개선이 필요한 국내 수출기업 제조분야 중소 ‧중견기업 20개사 내외 ○ 참여비용:없음 (무료 ,100%정부지원사업) ..PAGE:2 - 2 - ○ 사업지원 내용 및 지원 규모 < 사업지원 내용 및 규모 > 지원 내용지원 규모 ㅇ ESG경영체계 구축 지원(ESG 자가진단 등) ㅇ 기업 단위 온실가스 인벤토리 구축 ㅇ 친환경 공정 진단·개선(지원한 사업장만 해당) ㅇ 설비 개선을 위한 관련 지원사업 연계 지원 ㅇ 수출 중소·중견 기업 20개사 내외 ※ 2천만원 규모의 컨설팅을 지원(현물 지원이 아님 )하며 , 지원 가능 범위 내에서 참여기업 수요 기반 맞춤형 컨설팅 제공 ○ 추진체계 기후에너지환경부⦁사업 운영 총괄 ↓ 한국환경산업 기술원 ⦁컨설팅 용역 관리 ⦁지원사업 성과 관리 및 기업 의견수렴 ↓ 컨설팅사⦁친환경경영(ESG) 컨설팅 지원 사업 수행 ⦁우수사례 도출 및 성과사례집 제작 등 참여기업⦁컨설팅 참여 및 인터뷰 참여, 개선아이템 도입 등 협조 ○ 주요일정 (안 ) 참여기업 모집 및 선정⇨ 참여기업 현황 및 수요분석⇨ 초기 및 정밀 진단 ⇨ 개선방안 도출 및 실행⇨ 성과 도출 '26. 6월 중6월 말7 ~ 9월9 ~ 11월'26.12월 ※ 사업 추진 상황에 따라 일정변동 가능 ..PAGE:3 - 3 - 3 지원기업 신청 방법 ○ 접수기한:2026.6.1.(월 )~6.19.(금 )(첨부서류 제출 포함 ) ○ 신청방법 :신청 사이트를 통해 제출(환경책임투자 종합플랫폼) -환경책임투자 종합플랫폼(www.gmi.go.kr)에 접속하여,사이트 내 “환경 경영→친환경경영(ESG)컨설팅 지원사업”탭을 통해 온라인 제출 ※ (ESG경영체계 구축 ) 환경경영→ 친환경경영(ESG) 컨설팅 지원사업→ ESG경영체계 구축 ○ 제출서류:참여신청서 및 증빙자료 제출(접수마감일 기준 유효 서류만 인정 ) 연번제출서류비고 1 참여신청서 붙임 1 2 사업계획서(온라인 접수 시 작성)- 3 개인(기업)정보 수집 및 활용 , 제 3자 제공 동의서붙임 2 4 사업자등록증- 5 법인등기부등본- 6 국세 납입 증명서 - 7 지방세 납입 증명서 - 8 중소기업 확인서 혹은 중견기업 확인서- 9 기타 가점 사항(수출실적, 12대 고탄소업종 기준 등)붙임 3 ..PAGE:4 - 4 - 4 지원기원 선정 및 평가 기준 ○ 선정절차:지원기업에서 제출한 참여 신청서류 및 증빙자료(신청서 등)를 바탕으로 심사위원회 선정평가를 통해 선정 참가신청 (~'26.6월 초)⇨ 서류검토 (~6월 중순)⇨ 평가 및 선정 (~6월 말) 지원신청서류 작성‧제출 신청자격 적격여부 검토 내‧외부 전문가 평가 및 기업선정 ※ 신청서 항목 미기재, 평가에 필요한 사업계획서 항목별 미기재 또는 첨부서류 미비 시 평가 대상 제외 ○ 평가기준:신청한기업 중 높은 점수 순서대로참여기업 선정 ※ 단 , 평가 점수가 60점 미만의 기업의 경우 선정대상에서 제외함 평가 항목 평가 내용배 점 사업 참여 필요성(40) 수출 관련 국내외 ESG 규제로 인한 애로사항의 정도(각 규제별 미대응 시 파급효과 등)30 대응의 시급성과 기업의 참여 의지10 사업계획의 명확성(40) 사업 참여 목표와 사업 목적 간의 정합성10 컨설팅 요구사항의 구체성 및 명확성15 컨설팅 성과 활용 계획의 적절성 및 구체성15 사업의 효과성(20)기대 성과의 효과성(정량, 정성적 기대효과)20 합 계 100 ..PAGE:5 - 5 - < 가점 사항 > 가점 사항증빙 서류배 점 직접수출 혹은 간접수출 기업 - 직접수출실적증명서(한국무역협회) - 간접수출실적증명서(KTNET uTradeHub)3 12대 고탄소업종 기업(붙임 3 참조) -공장등록증명서 등 고탄소업종 증빙이 가능한 서류 ※ 지원 사업장 기준으로고탄소업종일경우가점인정 2 연계사업 참여여부 (기보, 신보 ) -온라인 접수 시, 가점 사항 체크 ※ 최근 3년 이내('23~'25) 아래 사업을 통해 지원 받은 경우 1) '탄소가치평가보증'(기술보증기금) 2) '녹색공정전환보증'(신용보증기금) 5 ※ 가 점은 최대 5점 이며, 서류가 적합하지 않을 경우, 가점 사항이 인정되지 않을 수 있음 5 기타사항 ○ 참여제한:다음의 하나에 해당하는 경우,사업 참여에 제한이 있음 -공고일 현재 휴‧폐업,부도,화의,법정관리 중인 경우 -부도,법정관리,화의,파산·회생절차·개인회생절차의 개시 신청이 이루어진 경우 -국세 및 지방세를 체납·유예 중인 경우 -최근 3년 내('23~'25)친환경경영(ESG경영체계 구축)컨설팅 지원사업에 참여한 경우 ※ '26년 ①상생협력ESG경영체계구축,②수출기업ESG경영체계 구축 컨설팅에 참여하고 있는 경우도 해당 ○ 주의사항: -제출된 서류는 일체 반환하지 아니하며,정당한 사유가 있는 경우를 제외하고는 외부에 공개하지 않음 -추후 제출 내용 관련 허위 사실이 발견될때에는 선정이 취소될 수 있음 ..PAGE:6 - 6 - ○ 선정결과는 지원 기업에게 개별 통보 ○ 후속연계:친환경경영(ESG)컨설팅 참여 시 ,연계 지원 사항 사업 운영기관연계 사업명사업 내용혜택사항 한국환경산업 기술원 미래환경산업 육성융자 오염방지, 온실가스배출저감 설비·장비 교체, 신설 등 관련 비용 융자 지원 신청 시 가점 부여 한국환경공단 스마트생태공장 구축사업 온실가스 저감 및 환경관리설비 개선·설치 비용 지원 신청 시 가점 부여 탄소중립설비 지원사업 온실가스 감축설비 설치·투자비 관련 보조금 지원 신청 시 가점 부여 기술보증기금탄소가치평가보증탄소저감 기술, 사업화, 시설도입 등 관련 보증 지원가점 부여 , 심사절차 간소화, 우대 보증신용보증기금녹색공정전환보증온실가스 저감 시설 도입, 저탄소 제품/기술 사업화 관련 보증 지원 ○ 문의처:한국환경산업기술원 ESG경영지원실 -☎ 02-2284-1968/* iop2040@keiti.re.kr 붙임.친환경경영(ESG)컨설팅 지원 사업 참여 서류 양식 1식.끝. ..PAGE:7 - 7 - [제출서류 체크리스트] 연번제출서류비고 1 참여신청서 붙임 1 2 사업계획서(온라인 접수 시 작성)- 3 개인(기업)정보 수집 및 활용 , 제 3자 제공 동의서붙임 2 4 사업자등록증- 5 법인등기부등본- 6 국세 납입 증명서 - 7 지방세 납입 증명서 - 8 중소기업 확인서 혹은 중견기업 확인서- [선택] 9 기타 가점 사항 - 직접 혹은 간접수출증명서 - 공장등록증명서 등 고탄소업종 증빙 서류 - 기술보증기금·신용보증기금 지원사업 참여 증빙 붙임 3 참고 ※ 증빙자료는 접수마감일 기준 유효기간 이내 자료만 인정 ..PAGE:8 - 8 - [붙임 1] 참여신청서 양식 친환경경영(ESG) 컨설팅 지원 사업 참여신청서 신청기업 기 업 명 법인등록번호 대표자명 사업자등록번호 주 소 본사 주소 사업장 주소(ESG 체계 구축 컨설팅 신청기업 대상) 기업규모중견 or 중소기업대표업종·업태 한국표준산업분류 임직원수('24년 )수출품목 수행책임자 성 명 직 책 부 서 연 락 처전화휴대전화 Fax E-mail 위와 같이 「친환경경영(ESG경영체계 구축) 컨설팅 지원 사업」 참여를 위한 본 신청서를 제출합니다. 첨부 1. 사업계획서(온라인 제출) 2. 기업정보 활용 및 수집 동의서/기업정보 제3자 제공 동의서 3. 기타 제출 · 증빙서류(사업자등록증, 법인등기부, 국세·지방세 납입증명서 등 ) ※ 증빙자료는 접수마감일 기준 유효 자료만 인정 2026년 월 일 신청기업 : 수행책임자 :(인 ) 신청기업 대표자 :(직인 ) 한국환경산업기술원장 귀하 ..PAGE:9 - 9 - [붙임 2] 개인(기업) 정보 수집 및 활용, 제3자 제공 동의서 양식 개인(기업)정보 수집 및 활용 동의서 한국환경산업기술원은「개인정보보호법」제15조 ,17조 ,22조 등 관련 법규에 의거하여 귀 사의 개인 (기업)정보 수집 및 활용,조회에대해 동의서를 받고 있습니다. -수집‧이용 ‧조회 목적 :ESG 컨설팅 지원사업 참여를위한 기초자료 확보 및 사실여부 확인 등 기업 정보,ESG 관련 사업 및 행사 정보 안내, 향후 사업발전방향 모색을 통한성과 분석자료 작성에 이용 등 -수집‧이용 ‧조회 항목 ① 기업 일반현황 :기업명,사업자등록번호,법인번호,대표자명, 연락처(이메일,휴대전화)등 ② 사업 추진 관련사항 :사업 계획서 기재내용,지원성과,관련 증빙 자료 등 -개인 (기업)정보 보유 및 이용기간 :3년 ※ 귀하께서는 개인(기업)정보 제공 및 활용 동의를 거부할 수 있으나, 미동의 시 사업 참여 등에 제한이 있을 수 있음을 알려드립니다. 제공된 개인(기업) 정보는 상기 내용 외 다른 목적으로 활용하지 않습니다. 본인은 위와 같이 친환경경영(ESG경영체계 구축)컨설팅지원사업 신청과 관련하여 개인 (기업)정보를 한국환경산업기술원이 수집 및 활용하는 것에 대하여 이해하고, 동의합니다. 2026년 월 일 신청기업 : 신청기업 대표자 : (직인) 한국환경산업기술원장 귀하 ..PAGE:10 - 10 - 개인(기업)정보 제3자 제공 동의서 한국환경산업기술원은「개인정보보호법」제15조 ,17조 ,22조 등 관련 법규에 의거하여 귀 사의 개인 (기업)정보 수집 및 활용,조회에대해 동의서를 받고 있습니다. -수집‧이용 ‧조회 목적 :ESG 컨설팅 지원사업 참여를위한 기초자료 확보 및 사실여부 확인 등 기업 정보,ESG 관련 사업 및 행사 정보 안내, 향후 사업발전방향 모색을 통한성과 분석자료 작성에 이용 등 -제공받는 자 :기후에너지환경부,컨설팅 수행기관 등 -제3자에게 제공하는 개인 (기업)정보 항목 ① 기업 일반현황 :기업명,사업자등록번호,법인번호,대표자명, 연락처(이메일,휴대전화)등 ② 사업 추진 관련사항 :사업 계획서 기재내용,지원성과,관련 증빙 자료 등 -개인 (기업)정보 보유 및 이용기간 :3년 ※ 귀하께서는 개인(기업)정보 제공 및 활용 동의를 거부할 수 있으나, 미동의 시 사업 참여 등에 제한이 있을 수 있음을 알려드립니다. 제공된 개인(기업) 정보는 상기 내용 외 다른 목적으로 활용하지 않습니다. 본인은 위와 같이 친환경경영(ESG경영체계 구축)컨설팅지원사업 신청과 관련하여 개인 (기업)정보를 한국환경산업기술원이 수집 및 활용하는 것에 대하여 이해하고, 동의합니다. 2026년 월 일 신청기업 : 신청기업 대표자 : (직인) 한국환경산업기술원장 귀하 ..PAGE:11 - 11 - [붙임 3] 12대 고탄소 업종 기준 업종대분류코드한국산업표준분류명 정유C119***코크스, 연탄 및 석유정제품 제조업 조선C30***기타 운송장비 제조업 기계C28***기계 및 장비 제조업 철강C24***1차 금속 제조업 시멘트C23***비금속 광물제품 제조업 자동차C29***자동차 및 트레일러 제조업 바이오C21***의료용 물질 및 의약품 제조업 석유화학C20***화학물질 및 화학제품 제조업 비철금속C24***1차 금속 제조업 전기전자C26***전자부품, 컴퓨터, 영상·음향 및 통신장비 제조업 제지·섬유C13*** C17***섬유제품 제조업 / 펄프·종이 및 종이제품 제조업 반도체· 디스플레이C26***전자부품, 컴퓨터, 영상·음향 및 통신장비 제조업 ..PAGE:12 - 12 - [참고] ESG경영체계 구축 사업계획서※ 사업계획서는 참고용이며, 환경책임투자 종합플랫폼(www.gmi.go.kr)에서 직접 작성필요사업계획서 ○ 필요성 및 시급성 컨설팅 필요성 및 시급성 Q.당사의 중점 개선사항에 대해 지원내용과 연관지어 선택해 주시고, 우선순위를 작성해 주시기 바랍니다. (괄호 안 숫자로 표시) - ( ) 친환경공정 개선 ( ) 온실가스 인벤토리 구축 ( ) ESG경영체계 구축 ※ ESG자가진단은 기본(필수 )진행사항임을 안내드립니다. (작성 방향) 주력 수출 품목과 관련하여 직면하고 있거나 예상되는 ESG 규제, 거래처의 ESG 관련 자료 요구 등으로 인한 주요 애로사항과 피해 등 해당 지원사업이 필요한 사유와 그 시급성에 대하여 지원내용(ESG 자가 진단, 온실가스 인벤토리 구축, 사업장 친환경 공정개선)과 연계하여 자유롭게 작성(최소 500자 작성) ○ 명확성 사업 참여 목적 및 성과 활용 계획 Q. 컨설팅 결과에 대한 반영 계획을 선택해 주시기 바랍니다. - 공정개선 투자 계획 ▶ □ 1년 이내 □ 2년 이내 □ 기타(스마트생태공장, OOO지원사업 연계 예정) - 온실가스 배출량 사후관리 계획 ▶ □ 1년 이내 □ 2년 이내 □ 기타( ) - ESG경영체계 마련 계획 ▶ □ 1년 이내 □ 2년 이내 □ 기타( ) ※ 향후 성과 모니터링을 시행할 예정임으로 사실에 기반하여 체크하여 주시기 바랍니다 (작성 방향) 1. 사업 참여 목적 및 원하는 컨설팅 방향에 대해, 사업 지원내용 및 위에 작성한 컨설팅 필요성과 연계하여 자세히 작성 2. 컨설팅 이후 결과물(성과)에 대한 활용 계획에 대해 최대한 자세하게 작성※향후 성과 모니터링 예정으로최대한 사실에 입각하여 작성 필요 ○ 효과성 컨설팅 추진으로 인한 기대효과 (작성 방향) 사업 참여 시, 예상되는 정량/정성적인 기대효과에 대해 최대한 자세히 작성 ○ 기타사항(선택) 기타 의견 ※ 사업과 관련하여 당사가 생각하는 의견을 자유롭게 작성","ALIAS":"notice"}},{"Uid":"135","Rank":"0","Date":"2026/06/10 09:12:20","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"notice","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"4013","Date":"20260610091220","no":"4013","sj":"2026년 취업준비생 대상 ESG 기초과정(1차) 교육생 모집 공고","cn":"

한국환경산업기술원 공고 제2026-99호

                      2026년 취업준비생 대상 ESG 기초과정(1차) 교육생 모집 공고
 
 ESG 전문인력난 해소와 청년일자리 연계를 위한 「‘26년 취업준비생 대상 ESG 기초과정(1차)」교육생 모집을 다음과 같이 공고합니다.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2026년 6월10일                                                                                                              한국환경산업기술원장
 

 1. 모집계획

  ○ (교육 목적) 취업준비생을 대상으로 ESG 경영을 이해하고 직무수행 역량 향상을 위한 ESG 기초 교육과정 운영
  ○ (교육기간 및 장소)
       - 2026.7.9.(목) ~ 7.10.(금) (2일간), 바비엥2(컨퍼런스룸)
   ○ (교육대상) 만 19세~34세 미취업자 중 대학교 3,4학년 재학생 및 졸업(예정)자
   ○ (교육비용) 교육비 및 교재 무료
   ○ (신청기간) 2026. 6. 10.(수) ~ 6. 24.(수)
   ○ (신청방법) 온라인 접수(환경책임투자종합플랫폼 www.gmi.go.kr > ESG인력양성)
   ○ (제출서류) 건강보험자격득실확인서 1부(국민건강보험공단에서 발급) 및 대학 졸업(재학) 증명서 1부
   ○ (수료기준) 출석 80% 이상(이수증 발급), 시험 70점 이상(수료증 발급)
       ※ 출석 60% 미만, 무단 결근시 향후 ESG 전문인력 양성 과정 등록 제한

 2. 교육내용 및 교육생 선발

  ○ (교육내용) ESG 경영의 이해 및 ESG 직무수행에 필요한 역량, 탄소배출 관리 및 ESG 직무의 실무적 이해
  ○ (교육생 선정) 모집인원 초과 시 교육 대상자 중 추첨으로 선정
 
   < 교육문의 > 한국환경산업기술원 ESG 경영지원실
    • 교육운영 담당자 : 02-2284-1963, 1969 / sujung@keiti.re.kr, khs09@keiti.re.kr
    • ESG 기초 과정 운영 사무국 : 02-6240-4144 / trust@ksa.or.kr
 
   ※ 자세한 사항은 첨부의 공고문을 확인해 주시기 바랍니다.
   ※ 교육 신청하기 gmi.go.kr/ht/intro.do


  첨부 1. ‘26년 취업준비생 대상 ESG 기초과정(1차) 교육생 모집 공고
          2. 취준생 과정(1차) 포스터

 \"\"



","rdcnt":"209","rgtrId":"220024","strRegDt":"2026-06-10","regDt":"2026-06-10 09:12:20.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"25","STUS":"Y","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"6","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"ESG인력양성","attachFile":"..PAGE:1 - 1 - 환경산업기술원 공고 제2026-99호 2026년 취업준비생 대상 ESG 기초과정(1차) 교육생 모집 공고 ESG 전문인력난 해소와 청년일자리 연계를 위한「'26년 취업준비생 대상 ESG 기초과정(1차)」교육생 모집을 다음과 같이 공고합니다. 2026년 6월 10일 한국환경산업기술원장 1 교육 목적 ○ 취업준비생을 대상으로 ESG 경영을 이해하고 직무수행 역량 향상을 위한 ESG 기초 교육과정 운영 2 교육 개요 ○ (교육기간 및 장소) -'26.7.9.(목 )~7.10.(금 )(2일간),바비엥2(컨퍼런스룸 ) ○ (신청기간)'26.6.10.(수)~6.24.(수) ○ (모집정원) 50명 내외 ○ (교육방법) 대면교육 ○ (교육대상) 만 19세 ~34세 미취업자 중 대학교 3,4학년 재학생 및 졸업(예정)자 ○ (교육비용) 교육비 및 교재 무료 ..PAGE:2 - 2 - 3 교육내용 및 교육생 선발 ○ (교육내용) ESG 경영의 이해 및 ESG 직무수행에 필요한 역량,탄소 배출 관리 및 ESG 직무의 실무적 이해 ○ (교육생 선정) 모집인원 초과 시 교육 대상자 중 추첨으로 선정 4 신청방법 및 수료기준 ○ (신청방법) 온라인 접수(환경책임투자종합플랫폼 www.gmi.go.kr>ESG인력양성) ○ (제출서류)건강보험자격득실확인서 1부(국민건강보험공단에서 발급) 및 대학 졸업(재학 )증명서 1부 ○ (수료기준) 출석 80%이상(이수증 발급),시험 70점 이상(수료증 발급) ※ 출석 60%미만,무단 결근시 향후 ESG 전문인력 양성 과정 등록 제한 5 기타사항 ○ 신청기한,교육일정,제출서류 등 본 공고의 내용을 숙지하여 불이익을받지 않도록 유념하여 주시기 바랍니다. ○ 제출된 서류는 일체 반환하지 아니하며,교육생 우선선발을 위한 경우를 제외한 목적으로 사용하지 않습니다. ○ 추후 교육 신청 내용 관련 허위사실이 발견될 때에는 교육생 선정이취소될 수 있습니다. < 교육문의 > 한국환경산업기술원 ESG 경영지원실 • 교육운영 담당자 : 02-2284-1963, 1969 / sujung@keiti.re.kr, khs09@keiti.re.kr • ESG 기초 과정 운영 사무국 : 02-6240-4144 / trust@ksa.or.kr 일차교육내용 1일 ESG 경영의 개념, 규제흐름 및 탄소관련 규제 이해 ‧ ESG 경영의 개념‧필요성 및 글로벌 규제 흐름, 산업계 대응‧ 탄소관련 제도 및 기업 대응 사례 2일 ESG 직무이해와 준비 전략 ‧ 글로벌 ESG 공시 표준 이해‧ ESG 경영 컨설팅 , 기업 담당자 직무 소개 및 준비전략 ..PAGE:3 - 3 - 붙임 1 세부 교육 프로그램 ※ 교육일정 및 내용,강사진은 상황에 따라 변경 가능합니다. □ 취업준비생 대상 ESG 기초과정 일차/시간주제세부내용강사 1일차 ESG 경영개념, 규제흐름 및 탄소관련 규제 이해 2탄소중립, 순환경제 이해 및 대응 ‧ 탄소중립 정책의 이해(NDC 및 2050 탄소중립 시나리오 ) ‧ 탄소중립 기술사례 및 에너지 전환 전략 ‧ EU 순환경제 규제 진행현황 지현영 변호사 (서울대 환경에너지법정책센터) 2ESG 경영 개념 및 국제적 협의 현황 ‧ ESG 경영의 개념, 글로벌 ESG 주요 규제 이해 및 필요성 ‧ '착한 기업 '을 넘어 '생존하는 기업 '으로, ESG 경영 성공‧실패 사례 ‧ ESG 공시 의무화와 녹색금융, 전환금융 ‧ 보이지 않는 무역장벽, 인권‧환경 규제 윤용희 변호사 (법무법인 율촌) 2글로벌 ESG 규제 흐름 및 진행현황 ‧ 글로벌 지속가능성 규제(협약)의 발전 과정 ‧ 국제기후협약 및 ESG 투자원칙(UNFCCC, UN PRI 등) ‧ 지속가능성 목표와 실행 방안(UN SDGs, UNGC 등) 이은경 실장(UNGC 한국협회) 2일차 ESG 직무이해와 준비전략 2지속가능경영 보고서 이해 ‧ 글로벌 ESG 공시 표준의 이해, 우수 공시 사례 ‧ 이해관계자 참여, 중대성평가 이해 및 실습 ‧ 검증의견서 분석방법 이해 및 실습 성진영 위원 (한국표준협회) 1.5컨설팅사의 ESG 조직과 직무역량 ‧ ESG 컨설팅 회사 직무 개요 및 담당업무 ‧ 직무 역량 및 준비 전략 유지영 수석(마크스폰) 1.5기업의 ESG 조직과 직무역량 ‧ 기업의 ESG 직무 개요 및 담당업무 - 재무‧회계, 영업‧마케팅, 환경‧안전, 공급망‧구매 업무와 ESG ‧ 직무 역량 및 준비 전략 전경진 차장 (교보증권) 1수료시험","ALIAS":"notice"}},{"Uid":"127","Rank":"0","Date":"2026/06/09 01:16:32","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"notice","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"4010","Date":"20260609011632","no":"4010","sj":"2026년 한국형 녹색분류체계 실무 교육(2차) 교육생 모집 공고","cn":"

환경산업기술원 공고 제2026-99호

                                                                              2026년 한국형 녹색분류체계 실무 교육(2차) 교육생 모집 공고
 
 녹색금융 활성화와 한국형 녹색분류체계(K-Taxonomy)의 적용 확산을 위한 「2026년 한국형 녹색분류체계 실무 교육(2차)」 교육생 모집을 다음과 같이 공고합니다.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                       2026년 6월 9일
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    한국환경산업기술원장
 

1. 교육개요

 ○ (교육과정) 2026년 한국형 녹색분류체계 실무 교육(1차 – 통합형)
 ○ (교육일시 및 장소) 2026. 6.25.(목) 13:00~17:00 / 서울 중구 통일로 114 바비엥2교육센터 지하 1층 그랜드볼룸(서대문역 인근)
 ○ (신청기간) ‘26. 6. 9.(화) ~  6. 23.(화)
 ○ (신청방법) 온라인 접수(환경책임투자종합플랫폼 www.gmi.go.kr > ESG인력양성) 
 ○ (수료기준) 출석 80% 이상

 2. 교육내용 및 교육생 선발

 ○ (교육내용) 녹색분류체계 최신 개정 사항, 기업 및 금융회사의 녹색분류체계 적용 사례 등 
 ○ (교육생 선정) 교육생 모집인원 초과 시 아래 순위에 따라 우선 선정
     1. 한국형 녹색채권 기 발행기업 실무자
     2. 기업 재무부서·자금부서·ESG부서 실무자
     3. 한국형 녹색채권 외부검토기관 실무자
     4. 기타 교육참가 희망자
 
 < 교육문의 > 한국환경산업기술원 녹색투자지원실
  • 교육운영 담당자 : 02-2284-1967, 1984 / kis1578@keiti.re.kr, kwaksein@keiti.re.kr
    ⁍ 교육운영 사무국 : 02-6277-9393 / kmunsu@kfq.or.kr

  ※ 자세한 사항은 붙임의 공고문을 확인해 주시기 바랍니다.
  ※ 교육 신청하기 gmi.go.kr/ht/kTaxonomyProcedureIntro.do


  붙임. 한국형 녹색분류체계 실무 교육(2차) 교육생 모집 공고

","rdcnt":"249","rgtrId":"kwaksein","strRegDt":"2026-06-09","regDt":"2026-06-09 13:16:32.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"26","STUS":"Y","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"2","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"환경책임투자","attachFile":"..PAGE:1 - 1 - 환경산업기술원 공고 제 2026-99호 2026년 한국형 녹색분류체계 실무 교육(2차) 교육생 모집 공고 녹색금융 활성화와 한국형 녹색분류체계(K-Taxonomy)의 적용 확산을 위한「2026년 한국형 녹색분류체계 실무 교육(2차)」교육생 모집을 다음과 같이 공고합니다. 2026년 6월 9일 한국환경산업기술원장 1 교육 목적 ○ 녹색금융 활성화와 한국형 녹색분류체계 적용 확산을 위한 산업계 및 금융권 맞춤형 실무 역량 강화 교육과정 운영 2 교육 개요 ○ (교육과정)2026년 한국형 녹색분류체계 실무 교육(2차 - 모듈형) ○ (교육일시 및 장소) 2026.6.25.(목)13:00~17:00/서울 중구 통일로 114 바비엥 2교육센터 지하 1층 그랜드볼룸 (서대문역 인근 ) ○ (신청기간) '26.6.9.(화)~ 6.23.(화) ○ (교육방법) 대면교육 ○ (교육대상) 기업 ESG 실무자 등 ○ (교육비용) 교육비 및 교재 무료 ..PAGE:2 - 2 - 3 신청방법 및 수료기준 ○ (신청방법) 온라인 접수(환경책임투자종합플랫폼 www.gmi.go.kr>ESG인력양성) < 교육문의 > 한국환경산업기술원 녹색투자지원실 • 교육운영 담당자 : 02-2284-1967, 1984 / kis1578@keiti.re.kr, kwaksein@keiti.re.kr ⁍ 운영사무국 : 02-6277-9393 / kmunsu@kfq.or.kr ○ (수료기준) 출석 80%이상 4 교육생 선정 및 교육 내용 ○ (교육생 선정) 교육생 모집인원 초과 시 아래 순위에 따라 우선 선정 <우선선정 기준 -모듈형 교육 (기업)> 1.한국형 녹색채권 기 발행기업 실무자 2.기업 재무부서·자금부서·ESG부서 실무자 3.금융기관 녹색금융 실무자 4.기타 교육참가 희망자 ○ (교육내용) 국내외 ESG 공시 규제 대응을 위한 택소노미 공시 실 무,녹색분류체계 기업 적용 사례 소개 등 5 기타사항 ○ 신청기한,교육일정,제출서류 등 본 공고의 내용을 숙지하여 불이익을 받지 않도록 유념하여 주시기 바랍니다. ○ 제출된 서류는 일체 반환하지 아니하며,교육생 우선선발을 위한 경우를 제외한 목적으로 사용하지 않습니다. ○ 추후 교육 신청 내용 관련 허위사실이 발견될 때에는 교육생 선정이 취소될 수 있습니다. ..PAGE:3 - 3 - □ 모듈형 교육-기업(4시간) 시간주제강사 13:00~13:40기업의 자금조달구조 및 녹색금융 활용 전략 이해KIS자산평가 박용진 본부장 13:40~13:50Break time - 13:50~14:40실무자를 위한 한국형 녹색분류체계 경제활동 소개 및 최신 개정 포인트한국환경산업기술원 김인수 선임연구원 14:40~14:50Break time - 14:50~15:30녹색분류체계 적합성 판단을 위한 온실가스 배출량 산정 실무한국품질재단 이석원 원장 15:30~15:40Break time - 15:40~16:20국내외 ESG 공시 규제 대응을 위한 택소노미 공시 실무한국환경산업기술원김소연 전임연구원 16:20~17:00녹색분류체계 기업 적용 사례 소개 LG전자 홍혜현 책임 붙임 세부 교육 프로그램","ALIAS":"notice"}}]}},{"Id":"news","MorphemeAnalysis":{"Field":{"orign":"","sj":""}},"DocumentSet":{"Count":"3","TotalCount":"121","Document":[{"Uid":"114","Rank":"0","Date":"2026/04/22 04:43:49","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"news","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"3950","Date":"20260422044349","no":"3950","sj":"[국제 ESG 규제] 미국 청정경쟁법(CCA)","cn":"


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환경테마 키워드를 명칭에 포함한 펀드가 처음 조회되는 2002년부터 현재까지, 환경테마 키워드를 포함한 펀드 발행 현황 통계입니다.




 ※ 2025년까지는 연도별로, 2026년은 월별로 표기


 ※ 누적 개수는 환매중단 펀드 미반영한 값이며, 각 펀드의 설정일을 기준으로 함


 ※ 멀티클래스 펀드의 경우 클래스별로 개별 집계





기초 데이터 : 금융투자협회 전자공시서비스 및 한국예탁결제원 증권정보포털(SEIBro)에 등록된 펀드 및 ETF 정보



 ※ 본 통계는 투자목적이 아닌 참고용으로만 활용하시기 바라며, 실제 투자를 위한 정확한 정보는 반드시 자산운용사 또는 금융기관의 공식 홈페이지를 확인하시기 바랍니다.



","rdcnt":"80","rgtrId":"hjkim1021","strRegDt":"2026-06-09","regDt":"2026-06-09 14:08:48.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"26","STUS":"Y","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"한국환경산업기술원","pblcnDt":"2026-06-09","TAG":"환경테마펀드, 환경펀드, ETF","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"1","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"녹색금융","attachFile":"..PAGE:1 [단위 : 개] - 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 누적 현황 연도별/월별 현황 ..PAGE:2 0 25 50 75 100 누적 현황 당월 현황 100 300 500 100 [단위 : 개] 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 국내주식형 국내혼합형 국내채권형 국내대체 해외주식형 해외혼합형 해외대체 기타형 [단위 : 개] 신재생에너지클린에너지차세대에너지 기후변화Water탄소 환경지속가능그린ESG 신재생에너지클린에너지차세대에너지 기후변화Water탄소 환경지속가능그린ESG ..PAGE:3 15 5 7 0 9 5 - 4 8 12 16 20 - 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 순자산 규모(억 원) 키워드별 개수(개) 신재생에너지 클린에너지 기후변화탄소 환경그린ESG [단위 : 개] - 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 누적 현황 연도별 현황 ..PAGE:4 ..PAGE:5","ALIAS":"reprt"}},{"Uid":"2483","Rank":"0","Date":"2026/05/27 05:36:22","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"reprt","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"4006","Date":"20260527053622","no":"4006","sj":"State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026","cn":"

■ 이 문서는 세계은행의 「State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026」 보고서로, 전 세계 탄소가격제와 탄소크레딧 시장의 최신 동향을 정리한 자료임 

■ 주요 내용은 배출권거래제(ETS), 탄소세, EU CBAM, 탄소크레딧 발행·소각·가격 변화, 파리협정 제6조 기반 국제 탄소시장 확대 등을 다루며, 전체적으로 탄소가격제가 기후정책 수단을 넘어 정부 재정, 산업 전환, 국제무역, 민간투자 유도 수단으로 확대되고 있음을 보여줌

■ 전 세계 온실가스 배출량의 29%가 87개 탄소가격제 정책의 적용을 받고 있으며, ETS 적용 배출 비중은 2016년 8%에서 2026년 24% 이상으로 확대되며 현재 개발 중인 ETS와 탄소세가 모두 시행될 경우, 2030년에는 전 세계 배출량의 약 3분의 1이 탄소가격제 적용을 받을 수 있음

■ 탄소가격은 2025년 이후 7% 상승했으며, 2016년 톤당 10달러 수준에서 2026년 약 21달러로 두 배 증가했으며 ETS와 탄소세를 통한 정부 수입은 2025년 1,070억 달러를 넘어섰고, 주로 기후완화 투자와 에너지 전환 재원으로 활용되고 있음

■ 탄소크레딧 시장에서는 2025년 발행량이 전년 대비 8% 증가했으나, 2022년 수준보다는 낮은 상태임. 반면 크레딧 소각량은 2024년 대비 10% 이상 감소했으며, 이는 주로 캘리포니아 준수시장 수요 감소에 따른 것임. 자발적 목적의 크레딧 사용은 여전히 전체 소각량의 80% 이상을 차지함. CORSIA 적격 크레딧이나 고평가·고무결성 크레딧은 일반 크레딧보다 높은 가격 프리미엄을 형성하고 있으며, 향후 탄소크레딧 시장은 품질·인증·활용 목적에 따라 차별화가 심화될 것으로 보임

","rdcnt":"123","rgtrId":"neoflow","strRegDt":"2026-05-27","regDt":"2026-05-27 17:36:22.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"39","STUS":"Y","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"World Bank Group","pblcnDt":"2026-05-03","TAG":"전세계, 탄소가격제(ETS, 탄소세), 탄소크레딧 시장 동향, 크레딧 품질·가격 프리미엄","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"5","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"ESG규제","attachFile":"..PAGE:1 2026 STATE AND TRENDS OF carbonpricing ..PAGE:2 © 2026 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 29 28 27 26 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Certain artificial intelligence (“AI”) tools may have been used in creating this work, as indicated in the work, but all transformative and creative effort expressed in the work was performed by the World Bank staff or external contributors. The World Bank is not responsible for any claims, including for errors or inaccurate information, generated by AI programs not controlled or owned by the World Bank. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2026. State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026. Washington. World Bank, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2348-0. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. Translations If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third-party content The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore, does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-2348-0 DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2348-0 Cover Design: Design and Creative Services, Global Corporate Solutions, World Bank Group. The cutoff date for the data used in the report was April 1, 2026 unless otherwise stated. i State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 ..PAGE:3 Acknowledgements The development of this report was led by Anthony Mansell with support from Ashia Bio Sawe, Shreya Rangarajan, Mustafa Ozgur Bozcaga, Jia Jun Lee and Juan Mata, and under the guidance of Joseph Pryor. Contributions, including on data and information on emissions trading systems, were provided by the International Carbon Action Partnership. S&P Global Energy and AlliedOffsets also supported the development of this report. This report benefited greatly from the insights and contributions from Aaron Tam, Alana Clement, Alexandra Andrea Maite Campmas, Alienor Cameron, Anasuya Raj, Anna Boneta, Anushree Arun Shetty, Aric Gliesche, Arnar Hilmarsson, Basak Odemis, Beate Dansone, Ben Rattenbury, Bota Akhmetova, British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Climate Solutions, California Air Resources Board (CARB), Carolina Giovanelli, Carolyn Fischer, Clean Energy Regulator (Australia), Daniyar Dzhamalov, David Hynes, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (Australia), Directorate-General for Climate Action at the European Commission, Dirk Heine, Dragan Demirovic, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Euijin Jung, Gabriel Saive, Gjermund Lien Moland, Harshani Abeyrathna, Hugh Salway, Ian Parry, Ilze Kamarute, Iryna Sikora, Jamie Fergusson, Jichong Wu, Joe Glyn, Joel Gould, Jolante Krastina, Jonathan Beaulieu, Juan Mata, Julie Côté, Jung-ae Park, Juris Lukss, Jussi Kiviluoto, Katie Keegan, Kelly Konrad, Kim Ricard, Kirwan Caitriona, Klas Wetterberg, Konstantinos Theodoropoulos, Kristinn Bjarnason, Krittaya Chunhaviriyakul, Kuhle Mxakaza, Lauren Chan, Luca Lo Re, Luis Tineo, Madhubhashini Gunathilaka, Manada Thejani, Maral Sotoudehnia, Marc Sadler, Maria Tsiranidou, Mark Kenber, Marlen Goerner, Martina Bosi, Maryla Maliszewska, Michael Pat O'Donoghue, Ministry for National Economy (Hungary), Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan), Ministry of Environment and Protected Areas, Government of Alberta., Ministry of Finance (Albania), Ministry of the Environment (Japan), Mitémo Chevalier, Mourad Ziani, Natasha Staffeldt-Jost, Nate Vernon, National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (China), National Climate Change Secretariat (Singapore), National Environment Agency (Singapore), Ndiafhi Tuwani, Nenad Vlaketic, Nicolas Garceau, Nikola Jovanović, Nilanthi Kumuduni Vidyalankara, Nina Foster, Oficina Española de Cambio Climático (Spain), Ognjen Popovic, Paul Bonmartin, Pauline Fournel, Philipp Ischer, Phoebe Golden, Robert Shih, Scott Cutler, Sebastien Cross, Seoyi Kim, Sharlin Hemraj, Simon Black, Simon Fellermeyer, Susana Escária, Susanne Riedener, Sven Doruiter, Swedish Energy Agency, The Danish Ministry of Taxation, Tiago Cardoso, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Valjus Ilari, Veli Auvinen, William Hynes, William L'Heudé, William Space, Yashodha Lekamge, Yeshika Malik, and Yongchul Park. This report has been developed as part of the Global Knowledge Program under the Partnership for Market Implementation. ii State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 ..PAGE:4 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotes iii State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 Table of Contents ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 3 FOREWORD 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 12 CHAPTER 2: CARBON PRICING 29 CHAPTER 3: CARBON CREDITING MECHANISMS 52 ANNEXES 65 ENDNOTES ..PAGE:5 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotes AbbreviationsAcronyms BCA Border Carbon Adjustment CBAM Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (EU) CCC Carbon Credit Certificate CCP Core Carbon Principle CCTS Carbon Credit Trading System (India) CDR Carbon Dioxide Removals CDM Clean Development Mechanism (Kyoto Protocol era) CORSIA Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation ETS Emissions Trading System GEI Greenhouse gas Emissions Intensity GHG Greenhouse Gas GX Green Transformation ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ICVCM Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market AbbreviationsAcronyms IMO International Maritime Organization ITMO Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcome MoU Memorandum of Understanding MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification NDC Nationally Determined Contribution OIMP Other International Mitigation Purposes OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PA C M Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism REDD+ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation plus conservation TCP Total Carbon Price tCO2e metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent TFFF Tropical Forests Forever Facility UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Acronyms and Abbreviations 1 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 ..PAGE:6 34 27 71 80 2024 2025 105 107 Average carbon prices have nearly doubled from 2016 to 2026 2026 US$ t/CO 2 e ETS and carbon tax revenues continue to exceed US$ 100 billion 2025 US$ Credit retirements around 10% lower than 2024 levels Million tCO 2 e From 2024 to 2025 carbon credit issuances increased CORSIA-approved projects received a US$ 1.50-6/tCO 2 e price premium over similar credits that are not yet CORSIA-approved If policies under development are fully implemented by 2030, nearly of global GHG emissions could be covered by an ETS or carbon tax 1 /3 2016 2026 The first project received provisional issuance from PA C M Carbon pricing Carbon credit markets 22 2023 2024 2025 Voluntary use Compliance use 257 230 212 8%21 10 190 67 188 42 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 ..PAGE:7 Executive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesForeword As countries navigate a period of heightened uncertainty – from fiscal pressures and energy market volatility to growing development needs – policymakers are increasingly focused on how to deliver growth that is both sustainable and resilient. In that context, carbon pricing and carbon markets can play a supporting role. When designed well, carbon pricing can help create incentives for efficiency, innovation, and investment, while supporting governments in mobilizing revenues for broader development priorities. Carbon markets can help channel investments in technological and natural solutions that advance smart development goals, from improving industrial efficiency to protecting nature. What is increasingly clear is that these instruments continue to evolve and expand globally. New Emissions Trading Systems and carbon taxes have been implemented in India, Japan, Mauritania, Serbia, and Viet Nam. While these countries have reached implementation at a similar moment, their approaches reflect different institutional capacities and development priorities. There is no single model for carbon pricing, and successful policies must be grounded in local realities and needs. At the same time, we can see some global trends emerging. Today, nearly 30 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions are covered by a direct carbon price across 87 implemented policies. The entry into force of the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism marks a further evolution, extending carbon pricing towards international trade. Looking ahead, additional countries—including Brazil and Türkiye—are preparing policies. Carbon credit markets are also expanding into new areas. As this report highlights, credits can find new markets if they meet the right criteria, including supporting international aviation to achieve their goals through CORSIA. At the World Bank Group, our objective is to support both scale and integrity for carbon pricing and carbon markets. This includes helping countries in making strategic choices, from building the infrastructure that underpins international transfers to working with policymakers to inform carbon pricing design. This year’s edition of the State and Trends of Carbon Pricing report also provides an opportunity to reflect on the past decade. Viewed over this longer horizon, several trends stand out clearly: carbon pricing has expanded significantly, with more diverse approaches to its design, and steadily increasing carbon prices. Carbon markets have expanded both in size and the potential uses they serve and now exist in a more elaborate ecosystem to generate, trade, and evaluate credits. I hope that this year’s report continues to support informed debate and practical decision making in a rapidly changing global landscape. Paschal DonohoeManaging Director and Chief Knowledge Officer, World Bank Group 3 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 Foreword ..PAGE:8 Execut ive Summar y ..PAGE:9 ForewordChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesExecutive Summary 5 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 CARBON PRICING 29% 1. Direct carbon pricing covers 29 percent of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through 87 implemented policies. • Global GHG emissions covered by Emissions Trading Systems (ETSs) have tripled since 2016, rising from eight percent to over 24 percent; by contrast, the share covered by carbon taxes has remained relatively stable at around four to five percent, with increases in 2026 driven by national ETSs in India, Japan and Viet Nam.• If ETSs and carbon taxes currently under development are fully implemented, by 2030 nearly one-third of global GHG emissions will be covered by carbon pricing.• Although the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) covers less than 0.5 percent of global GHG emissions, its formal adoption has served to increase interest in implementing both carbon pricing and other border carbon adjustments. 2. Direct carbon prices across carbon taxes and ETSs have increased by seven percent since April 2025. • The average carbon price across implemented instruments has doubled between 2016 and 2026 from US$ 10/tCO2e to nearly US$ 21/tCO2e, driven by ETS price increases.• While average carbon tax rates have remained relatively constant, scheduled increases in 2026 have taken effect in jurisdictions including Singapore, which increased its carbon tax rate by 80 percent.• Prices in ETSs have experienced significant volatility in 2026, particularly since recent disruptions to global commodity markets began. 3. Annual government revenues from ETSs and carbon taxes in 2025 rose by two percent to over US$ 107 billion. • Carbon pricing revenue collected by governments has risen from under US$ 30 billion in 2016 to over US$ 100 billion each year, in real terms, since 2021. • The vast majority of revenues occur in developed economies, noting that carbon prices in developing economies are generally lower, and the use of allowance auctions is currently limited in ETSs in major middle-income countries. • Carbon pricing revenues continue to be directed toward climate mitigation investments, including Japan's new GX-ETS, which will channel future revenues toward a national fund for energy transition projects. ..PAGE:10 ForewordChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesExecutive Summary 6 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 CARBON CREDIT MARKETS 1. Overall carbon credit issuances rose eight percent from 2024 to 2025, still 20 percent below 2022 levels, but more than 80 percent above the level of issuances a decade ago. • Governmental crediting mechanisms have increased in number from 24 to 34 over the past 10 years, with credit issuances rising by nearly 40 percent in 2025 compared to 2024.• Issuances from independent crediting mechanisms decreased by around four percent between 2024 and 2025 but remain around 70 percent of total credit issuances.• The first credits under the newly operational Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism (PACM) were provisionally issued to a clean cookstoves project in Myanmar. 2. Retirements of carbon credits declined by more than 10 percent from 2024 to 2025, attributed to credits used for compliance in California returning to 2023 levels after a ten-fold spike in 2024. • Credits used for voluntary purposes dominate retirements, representing over 80 percent of the total credits retired in 2025.• Beyond current retirements, future demand signals can be seen in the US$ 12 billion of offtake agreements for future carbon credits signed in 2025, marking a three-fold rise from 2024 levels.• Projects that receive either high ratings from third-party providers or high integrity labels are increasingly sought by buyers in both compliance and voluntary carbon credit markets. 3. Carbon credit prices across project types declined slightly across 2025, but credits that are eligible for international compliance or obtained high ratings continue to generate a price premium. • The largest price movement occurred in forest conservation projects in Southeast Asia, where constrained supply created a short-term spike in prices for these credits in the second half of 2025.• Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) eligible credits have traded since September 2025 at prices between US$ 15/tCO2e and US$ 22/tCO2e, which exceeds the price range for most other credit types (US$ 1-14/tCO2e).• There is growing evidence of a correlation between how a project is evaluated by rating agencies and its market price, reflected, for example, in an 87 percent price increase for each rating band for reforestation projects. ..PAGE:11 Chapter 1Introduc t ion ..PAGE:12 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 2Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 1 8 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.1  Carbon pricing is an important part of governments' policy toolbox Governments are currently facing unprecedented disruptions to global commodity supplies. The reduction of global oil supply in March 2026, estimated at around 10 million barrels per day represents the largest oil shock on record.1 In addition, disruption of shipping through the Strait of Hormuz is impacting international trade in other commodities such as natural gas, fertilizer and aluminum. Although developments are shifting rapidly, at the time of writing the shortfall in oil supply and disruption to other commodities have not yet been alleviated. This year’s report is being published as governments begin to grapple with these developments. Policy makers are navigating the impacts of commodity price increases and supply disruptions on their populations. This includes the potential to adjust carbon pricing policies such as Emissions Trading Systems (ETSs) or carbon taxes. Discussions are ongoing in some jurisdictions, such as in the EU where changes have been proposed to the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and a comprehensive review of the policy is scheduled for July 2026.2 In other instances, governments have already taken actions, such as the government of Ireland's announcement on April 12 to delay an increase in its national carbon tax from May to October 2026 due to rising fuel costs.3 This report largely reflects developments and trends prior to disruptions in global commodity markets, but it could be highly significant over the coming 12 months. When viewed over a longer time frame, many governments are choosing to implement carbon pricing as a tool toward achieving development and economic objectives. Direct carbon pricing through a carbon tax or emissions trading system can contribute toward achieving countries' own emission reduction targets, including Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) by national governments and legislated targets set by subnational governments. For example, an ETS with a declining absolute emissions cap or intensity baseline can incentivize covered facilities to reduce their emissions over time. However, carbon pricing can offer important long-term benefits beyond climate mitigation, including facilitating investment flows, promoting affordable, domestically-sourced energy, increasing energy security and providing a new source of government revenue. Further, carbon pricing can form a component of broader policy reform packages, such as restructuring energy taxation or as a response to international trade measures such as border carbon adjustments. Between 2016 and the start of 2026, carbon pricing has expanded and diversified. The pillars of carbon pricing remain: direct carbon pricing through carbon taxes and ETSs, alongside indirect carbon pricing measures such as reduced fossil fuel subsidies and energy taxes. The State and Trends report series has tracked the growth of direct carbon pricing over the past decade, and beyond. These carbon pricing mechanisms are complemented by other policies and regulations, such as portfolio standards for electricity generation, and reforms of legacy policies that predate the prioritization of decarbonization as a project development. ..PAGE:13 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 2Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 1 9 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 A decade ago, the carbon pricing landscape was more limited than it is today. In 2016, 39 carbon taxes and ETSs were implemented globally, covering around 12 percent of global GHG emissions. The Paris Agreement, which was adopted in December 2015, did not feature its own operational market mechanisms. Instead, international carbon markets focused on units created by the flexibility mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol, including those certified under the Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation mechanisms, though demand for these credits had already peaked several years earlier. By contrast, credits from independent crediting mechanisms represented a smaller share of total issuance, and were mostly used by companies as part of voluntary climate commitments (prior to the later expansion in demand for such credits). Over the intervening years, carbon pricing approaches have become more numerous and more heterogeneous. Between 2016 and 2026, the number of implemented carbon taxes and ETSs more than doubled, along with the share of global GHG emissions they cover. Under the Paris Agreement, Article 6 (further codified at COP29 after the majority of rules were adopted at COP 26) provides the framework that enables cross country engagement on cooperative approaches, including carbon markets. This includes, for example, cooperation to help countries achieve their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). New categories of emissions pricing are also being operationalized. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) agreed to establish the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) in 2016, and the system transitioned to its first phase in 2024. Airlines will be required to surrender eligible units to meet compliance obligations in 2028. The European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (EU CBAM) is the first carbon price applied to imported goods. Its “definitive phase” commenced in 2026. Developments in each of these approaches for providing price incentives are addressed in detail in subsequent chapters. Carbon credit markets are a mechanism to mobilize both public and private finance, particularly in developing countries. Carbon credits direct private capital toward projects that reduce or remove emissions and can help achieve broader development objectives such as improving health outcomes or environmental protection. The size of the carbon credit market has increased significantly since 2016, driven by voluntary demand for carbon credits. The traded value of carbon credits was estimated to be over US$ 500 million in 2024, below the highest observed level of US$ 2.1 billion in 2021 but more than double the 2016 value.4 Recent buyers' interest in credits has been for projects focused on nature-based activities such as conservation and reforestation. For example, between 2021 and 2024, 70 percent of all capital committed or directly raised for carbon credits were for nature-based activities.5 This is particularly the case for nature-based removal (carbon removal or sequestration) projects, such as afforestation and reforestation, that have been increasingly favored by buyers and command higher prices than most other types of carbon credit project. New approaches are emerging that recognize the need to mobilize both public and private finance at scale to complement and enhance carbon finance. Some examples are other results-based payment mechanisms related to noncarbon benefits such as biodiversity, social outcomes, or other environmental services. The Tropical Forests Forever Facility (TFFF), proposed by the government of Brazil, is designed as a noncarbon, results-based financing mechanism that provides long-term payments to tropical forest countries for the conservation of standing forests, measured in hectares rather than in emissions reductions. TFFF does not generate emission reductions or carbon credits, and is not an alternative to REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation plus conservation), which remains a climate-mitigation mechanism that rewards verified emission reductions and removals from deforestation and forest degradation. Instead, TFFF is intended to complement jurisdictional REDD+ by providing a sustained source of finance for forest conservation, particularly in contexts where deforestation is already low or declining and there is no carbon crediting potential, thereby strengthening the overall forest finance architecture. ..PAGE:14 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 2Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 1 10 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 1.2 Scope of this report This report provides analysis of and insights into direct carbon pricing instruments and carbon credit markets. Accordingly, the report focuses on three main instruments. 1. Emissions trading systems, where a jurisdiction places a limit, or cap, on the amount or intensity of GHG emissions generated by regulated (covered) entities. These entities must surrender emission units (or “allowances”) corresponding to their emissions within a compliance period. Companies can trade allowances with other covered entities, and the price is mainly determined by the market. 2. Carbon taxes, where a government levies a fee on covered entities for their GHG emissions. Under a carbon tax, the government sets the price of emissions (the tax rate), by taxing either the amount of emissions produced or the carbon content of fuels. 3. Carbon crediting mechanisms, where tradable credits are generated through activities that reduce emissions through either avoidance or reduction (preventing GHG emissions from entering the atmosphere), or removal (taking GHGs from the atmosphere). Carbon crediting is increasingly linked to carbon pricing, where specific types of carbon credits may be used to help businesses comply with an ETS or carbon tax. This report covers domestic and international, as well as compliance and voluntary, carbon credit market activities. Despite recent growth in both carbon credit markets and carbon pricing, indirect carbon pricing remains the dominant mechanism (Figure 1). In contrast to direct carbon pricing, indirect carbon pricing (such as fuel excise taxes, or conversely negative carbon prices applied through fossil fuel subsidies) changes the price of products associated with GHG emissions but is not explicitly linked to GHG emissions. Indirect carbon pricing policies operate at a larger financial scale than direct carbon pricing. The estimated traded value of carbon credits in voluntary carbon markets was approximately US$ 535 million in 2024.6 Global investment in carbon credit projects, notably via forward-looking offtake agreements, could offer a signal for future market direction. For 2025, capital committed is estimated at US$ 12-16 billion (though not all relevant projects will be fully implemented).7 To put this in perspective, government revenues generated by ETSs and carbon taxes are consistently mobilizing over US$ 100 billion for public budgets. However, estimated subsidies for fossil fuels globally accounted for more than US$ 900 billion in 2024 (this precedes the recent disruptions in global energy markets).8 Despite the difference in scale, understanding developments in direct carbon pricing, which is largely the focus of this report, is critical for policy makers who are implementing or reforming their own ETS or carbon tax. ..PAGE:15 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 2Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 1 11 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 FIGURE 1 Relative size of carbon credit markets, direct carbon pricing and fossil fuel subsidies, USD Carbon credit markets 1 capital commitment includes offtake purchases (AlliedOffsets and MSCI) and direct project investments (MSCI only) Sources: Ecosystem Marketplace, AlliedOffsets/MSCI Source: World Bank Source: IISD-OECD Indirect carbon pricingDirect carbon pricing US$ 90+ bilion US$ 107 bilion Anual government revenues from ETSs and carbon taxes (2025) Estimated fossil fuel subsidies - negative carbon price (2025) Estimated anual value of traded carbon credits (2024): US$ 535 milion Estimated annual capital committed 1 to future carbon credit projects (2025): US$ 12-1 6 billion The report is intended to serve as a snapshot of ETSs, carbon taxes, and carbon crediting mechanisms. It includes developments over the 12 months up until April 1, 2026. As with past years, it provides information on observable metrics, such as prices, coverage, and revenues, and how these have changed over time. The report does not provide a critique or normative assessment of policy choices. Chapter 2 focuses on ETSs and carbon taxes. It also includes updates on developments relating to border carbon adjustments. Chapter 3 considers trends in carbon credit mechanisms, including those operated by governments, independent organizations, and international bodies. Additional information, including data underpinning this report, is available on the World Bank's Carbon Pricing Dashboard. ..PAGE:16 CHAPTER 2 Carbon pricing ..PAGE:17 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 2 13 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 Carbon pricing Direct carbon pricing policies now covers 29 percent of global GHG emissions, with 47 carbon taxes and 40 ETSs implemented. If additional policies currently under development are implemented, global coverage will increase to nearly one-third of global GHG emissions. In the past year, average carbon prices have increased by over seven percent, adjusting for inflation, with increases across both ETSs and carbon taxes (the highest average prices are in Europe and Central Asia). Global ETS and carbon tax revenues rose by around two percent to generate US$ 107 billion in 2025. 2.1  Direct carbon pricing covers 29 percent of global GHG emissions across 87 implemented policies As of April 1, 2026, 87 carbon pricing instruments (ETSs and carbon taxes) are in force across 47 countries and a regional ETS in the European Union (see Figure 3). Five new national-level carbon pricing instruments have been Scheme (CCTS), a greenhouse gas emission intensity (GEI)-based ETS focused on hard-to abate sectors.9 Japan's GX-ETS system entered its mandatory phase on April 1, 2026. Viet Nam's ETS is in effect, with a compliance obligation for covered facilities' 2025 and 2026 GHG emissions. The policy is being operated in a pilot phase until the end of 2028. National carbon taxes have also been implemented in Mauritania and Serbia. Each of these instruments has commenced implementation in the last 12 months.10 A further six ETSs and three carbon taxes are under development at the national level.11 A potential price on GHG emissions from international shipping remains under discussion at the International Maritime Organization (IMO), after a decision proposed in October 2025 was adjourned.12 The implementation of three new ETSs reinforces the trend of the last decade, in which growth in emissions trading systems has outpaced carbon taxes (see Box 1). BOX 1 Comparing the growth of Carbon Taxes and ETSs from 2016 to 2026 Carbon taxes and ETSs have both grown in the past decade. Policy makers examine each instrument to determine which is best suited for their policy mix and local circumstances. In some instances, governments have pursued both simultaneously, by using different instruments for separate GHG emissions sources or deploying both instruments on the same emissions sources. In Latin America, for example, the governments of Colombia, Chile, and Mexico have both a national carbon tax and ETS either implemented or under development. Similarly, the UK operates a national ETS combined with its carbon price support that provides a minimum carbon price for the power sector in England, Scotland and Wales. However, ETSs cover a larger portion of emissions, with higher average carbon prices and revenue collected, than carbon taxes. The number of carbon taxes implemented since 2016 is higher than ETSs (26 and 21, respectively). However, the proportion of global GHG emissions covered by ETSs has tripled over the period, from under eight percent to around 26 percent, whereas the contribution of carbon taxes to global coverage has remained steady at around four to five percent (with roughly two percent of global GHG emissions in 2026 covered by both a carbon tax and ETS). Importantly, the estimate of global carbon tax coverage includes direct carbon taxes. Indirect carbon pricing also contributes significant additional coverage: fuel excise taxes cover approximately 24 percent of GHG emissions across 79 countries according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), although this does include overlaps with direct carbon pricing in some cases.13 Similarly, average permit prices across implemented ETSs have more than doubled since 2016, whereas the average price in carbon taxes only increased 25 percent over the same period. ..PAGE:18 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 2 14 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 While both instruments have experienced significant revenue growth over the decade, ETS revenues are now the largest fiscal contributor. This is all the more significant given that allowance auctions, the primary channel for raising revenue, are not used for the majority of emissions under ETSs. According to the OECD, the 'Effective Average Carbon Rate'—the actual price paid after accounting for free permits—remains low across many sectors and countries.14 This suggests potential for revenue growth as systems transition from free allocation toward auctioning. The faster growth in emissions coverage and prices translates into greater revenues for ETSs—in 2016, carbon tax revenues were approximately three times higher than ETS revenues, whereas in 2025, carbon tax revenues amounted to less than half of those generated by ETSs. Growth in ETSs is expected to continue as policies under development are implemented. As discussed below, potential growth in carbon pricing coverage is largely from ETSs, (see world map below, Figure 3) with significant policies being developed in Brazil, in the EU (EU ETS 2), and Viet Nam. In addition, Malaysia and Thailand could potentially augment their planned carbon taxes with an ETS. FIGURE 2 Comparing carbon taxes and ETSs in the past 10 years Coverage Revenues No. of implemented instruments % of global GHG emissions covered In 20 26, 2% of global GHG emissions are covered by b o t h a c ar b o n t ax an d ET S. Net GHG emissions covered 29% Weighted-average carbon price (2026 US$/tCO 2 e) Revenue (US$ billions, 2025) Average carbon price $- $5 $10 $15 $20 $30 $25 2016 2018 2020 20222024 20162016 2026 2026 2026 20262016ETS Carbon tax 8% 8 22 80 27 47 40 21 19 5% 4% 26% 29% Source: World Bank analysis. ..PAGE:19 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 2 15 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 FIGURE 3 Map of ETSs and carbon taxes implemented, under consideration or under development15 ETS and carbon tax implemented ETS implemented Carbon tax implemented ETS or carbon tax under consideration or under development Indonesia South Africa Botswana Kenya New Zealand Kazakhstan Pakistan Canada Thailand Viet Nam Türkiye EU China Colombia Chile Senegal Nigeria Morocco Mauritania Brazil Côte d'Ivoire Israel Cyprus Iceland Argentina Uruguay Paraguay Japan Republic of Korea Norway UK Sweden Spain Catalonia Romania Croatia Portugal Poland Ukraine Lithuania Latvia Italy Ireland Greece Albania Montenegro Germany France Finland Estonia Denmark Bulgaria Serbia Belgium Slovenia Austria Switzerland Hungary Malta Netherlands Andorra MoldovaLiechtenstein Bahrain Taiwan, China Sakhalin Oregon New York Minneapolis Massachusetts Pennsylvania RGGI India Singapore Australia Philippines Brunei Darussalam Malaysia Jalisco Colima State of Mexico Hawaii Washington California Colorado Tokyo Tianjin Shenzhen Shanghai Saitama Hubei Guangdong (except Shenzhen) Fujian Chongqing Beijing Zacatecas San Luis Potosí Tamaulipas Querétaro Yucatán Mexico Guanajuato Durango Manitoba Saskatchewan Québec Ontario Nova Scotia Alberta Prince Edward IslandNorthwest Territories Newfoundland and Labrador New BrunswickBritish Maryland Morelos Mexico City Columbia Taiwan, China ..PAGE:20 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 2 16 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 Newly implemented ETSs in India and Japan are among the world’s largest in terms of emissions covered. Under India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS), compliance mechanism is a baseline and crediting based trading system for hard-to -abate sectors currently covering eight emission-intensive sectors. The scheme is built on Perform Achieve and Trade (PAT) Scheme which is a flagship energy efficiency program in India that reduces energy consumption in energy-intensive industries through a market-based trading mechanism. Under the this mechanism of the CCTS, obligated entities are notified with the annual Greenhouse gas Emission Intensity (GEI) targets for the defined trajectory period. The Obligated Entities that overachieve their targets are issued Carbon Credit Certificates (CCCs), which can be sold to other Obligated Entities who needs to comply with their emission norms standards. Currently, seven sectors covering 490 industries have been notified with their GEI targets for the year 2026 and 2027, with an estimated coverage of approximately 477 million tCO2e.16 Importantly, the CCTS is set to expand to include the iron and steel sector, which has not yet received emissions intensity targets. An initial trading period for market participants is expected to take place later in 2026. Japan's GX-ETS entered its second phase on April 1, 2026 and now mandates participation from over 700 companies, covering over 50 percent of Japan's national GHG emissions, or approximately 524 MtCO2e. The GX-ETS will cover many of the fuels and activities already included in its national carbon tax. Allowances will be freely allocated to participants until auctions commence in 2033. Only China's National ETS, the EU ETS and the Republic of Korea's ETS cover a larger amount of GHG emissions in absolute terms than India or Japan's national ETSs. Domestic ETSs and carbon taxes cover 29 percent of global GHG emissions (Figure 4). The net increase in global coverage over the past year is approximately 625 million tCO2e or 1.2 percent of global GHG emissions. Most of this increase reflects the commencement of ETSs in India and Viet Nam. In Viet Nam, liabilities under the ETS will apply to 2025 GHG emissions; it is therefore also included in the 2025 global coverage estimate. Importantly, the global coverage estimate is adjusted to account for overlap between existing systems, to avoid double counting. This includes where jurisdictions (national and subnational) cover the same emission sources or where a jurisdiction has implemented multiple carbon pricing instruments (for example, a carbon tax and an ETS). Importantly, Japan's GX-ETS applies to activities and emission sources that are already covered by existing carbon pricing instruments—both the national carbon tax on fuels, and subnational ETSs in Tokyo and Saitama. The global coverage estimates account for these cross-policy overlaps and therefore newly implemented instruments may not lead to an increase in global totals, where the new instruments overlap with existing policies. The success of carbon pricing counteracts its uptake—emission reductions can reduce the proportion of global GHGs covered. The introduction of new carbon pricing instruments (and the expansion of existing ones) increases the proportion of global GHG emissions covered. However, this growth is counterbalanced by the emission reductions that these policies are designed to deliver. Effective carbon pricing incentivizes businesses to cut emissions, and this over time reduces the total volume of emissions being covered from those sources — which, all else equal, reduces the share of global GHGs subject to a carbon price. As an example, a declining cap in an ETS highlights the emission reductions being delivered by the instrument. This is the case in California, which reduced emissions from facilities covered by its cap-and-invest program from 324 MtCO 2e in 2016 to 256 MtCO 2e in 2024—a decline of over 21 percent in just eight years. 17 Similarly, sectors covered by the EU Emissions Trading System reduced their GHG emissions by approximately 1.3 percent in 2025 compared to the previous year.18 In short, a shrinking share of globally covered emissions can itself be a marker of efficacy. While the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) applies to less than one percent of global GHG emissions, it continues to be a driver for policy reforms. The EU's CBAM began applying a carbon price to emissions embedded in select imports (see Box 2) in January 2026. Early estimates suggest that the embedded GHG emissions of EU imports covered by CBAM were approximately 171 MtCO2e, which equates to approximately 0.3 percent of global GHG emissions. 19,20 Although the EU CBAM's coverage is small, it is driving other countries to consider their own carbon pricing instruments or border carbon adjustments (see Box 2). ..PAGE:21 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 2 17 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 BOX 2 Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms (CBAM) and exporter country responses The EU CBAM entered its definitive phase in 2026, applying a carbon price to the emissions embedded in imports of selected goods into the EU from third countries.21 From 1 January 2026, importers of CBAM goods face a carbon price comparable to that paid by producers covered by the EU ETS by surrendering CBAM certificates. CBAM declarants (importers) will be required annually (by 30 September the year following imports) to declare the embedded emissions in the CBAM goods to EU authorities and surrender CBAM certificates covering those emissions. The EU CBAM includes provisions to allow for carbon prices already effectively paid in a third country to be deducted from the CBAM financial obligation.22 There are initial discussions but no formal agreement, at the time of writing, on whether credits generated under Article 6 (Paris Agreement) could be used to reduce CBAM obligations, based on the monetary value paid for the credits.23 The financial obligation will be gradually phased in during 2026 to 2034, with reductions in certificate obligations reflecting the extent to which EUAs are allocated free of charge in installations (industrial facilities) producing CBAM goods within the EU. The EU CBAM currently only covers a relatively small portion of global trade, but it can be material for some countries. Based on 2023 World Bank analysis, global trade valued at US$ 113 billion would be impacted by CBAM. This translates to 4.2 percent of the US$ 2.7 trillion of total EU merchandise imports from non-EU countries and represents 0.5 percent of global merchandise exports (US$ 22.5 trillion).24,25 The expected impact will be larger for individual countries and sectors. For example, the CBAM Trade Exposure Index, developed by the World Bank, identifies the level of exposure to CBAM for industries at a country level, in terms of their expected CBAM certificate costs.26 If a country 's emissions intensity exceeds that of EU producers, its exports lose competitiveness in the EU market. Conversely, having a lower emissions intensity than EU producers can boost a country 's export competitiveness. Despite its relatively low coverage of traded goods, the EU CBAM has created a motivation for carbon pricing globally, especially for EU trade partners. For example, EU candidate countries such as Albania have recently taken steps to implement their own carbon pricing. Albania has amended its legislation on the carbon tax of coal to better reflect the carbon content, with a gradual increase in rates up to 2030, aligning more closely with prevailing EU ETS prices. Beyond Europe, the Malaysian government has previously cited alignment with EU CBAM as a rationale for its forthcoming carbon tax on industry.27 Other countries continue to examine the potential to implement their own border carbon adjustment (BCA) instruments. The UK CBAM is expected to enter into force in 2027, with a similar framework to the EU CBAM. Based on 2023 data, trade valued at approximately US$ 26 billion would be impacted by UK CBAM. This translates to 3.5 percent of the US$ 747 billion of total UK merchandise imports from non-EU countries, and represents 0.1 percent of global merchandise exports. Serbia's recently passed carbon tax is accompanied by its own BCA for imports such as aluminum, cement, fertilizer and steel from companies above a compliance threshold. California's recent updates to its cap-and-invest program include a provision to examine the potential introduction of BCA on imports into the state. Thailand's recent Climate Change Act (approved in principle by the Cabinet in December 2025) explicitly includes a provision to enable BCA as part of its broader climate policy framework. Similarly, policy makers in Australia, Canada and Taiwan, China are considering potential BCA for imports of select goods. ..PAGE:22 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 2 18 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 Nearly one-third of global GHG emissions could be covered by carbon pricing by 2030 if planned carbon pricing instruments become operational (Figure 4). Carbon pricing instruments are currently under development in major emerging markets and developing economies. These include planned ETSs in Brazil, Thailand and Türkiye and a carbon tax on power, iron, and steel in Malaysia, as well as the expansion of India's CCTS to include iron and steel facilities once emissions intensity targets are finalized. The roadmap to implement Indonesia's planned carbon tax on coal-fired power plants is still beind developed, and the carbon tax could have significant overlap with the existing ETS. This limits its impact on global GHG emissions covered but could influence the global average carbon price (see section 2.2 below). Similarly, planned ETSs in Chile, Colombia and Ukraine will likely overlap with existing carbon taxes implemented in each country, reducing the potential impact on global coverage. Moreover, the EU is also planning for the introduction of a second ETS focused on the buildings, road transport, small industry and construction sectors (EU ETS2). EU ETS2 will overlap with national level ETSs and carbon taxes that also apply to emissions from buildings and road transport. In many cases, the exact emissions coverage and implementation timeline for these policies has not yet been finalized. However, an initial indicative estimate of the increase from these instruments suggests global coverage could increase by approximately 1.5 GtCO2e, or nearly three percent, if stated timelines to introduce policies by 2030 are met. ..PAGE:23 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 2 19 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 FIGURE 4 Current ETS and carbon tax coverage and estimated potential future coverage by 2030, percent of global GHG emissions Source: World Bank analysis. 2025 carbon pricing coverage 1 1 Viet Nam's 0.5% ETS is implemented in 2026 but also applies to 2025 emissions Note: Analysis does not account for potential overlaps between emissions covered by ETSs and carbon taxes and that are also subject to EU CBAM Note: percentages may not sum due to rounding 2026 net coverage change EU CBAM (estimate) Coverage of ETSs and carbon taxes under development (estimate) Potential future carbon pricing coverage 20% 22% 24% 26% 28% 30% 34% 32% Percentage of global GHG emissions (%) 28% 1.2% 3% 32% 0.6% 1% 0.7% 0.2% 0.1% 0.4% Brazil ETS Malaysia carbon tax Thailand carbon tax Türkiye ETS India CTS (iron and stel) EU ETS 2 0.3% ..PAGE:24 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 2 20 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 Carbon tax and ETS policy designs have diversified in recent years. For ETSs, the EU's forthcoming ETS2, whose implementation was postponed by 12 months until 2028, is designed to provide a separate price signal for fuel use in the buildings, road transport, smaller industrial facilities, and construction sectors, which are not covered by the existing EU ETS. The approach of parallel ETSs for separate sectors differs from California's, for example, where buildings and transportation fuel suppliers participate in a common cap-and-invest program alongside facilities in the power and industrial sectors. In the context of carbon taxes, a carbon price is being applied to the oil and gas industry in Nigeria. Its national flaring tax, revised under the government's Petroleum Industry Act of 2021, applies penalties to companies for gas flared or vented in their operations.28 All non-routine flaring or venting is charged at a rate of US$ 3.50 per thousand standard cubic feet. Nigeria's tax is not expressed directly in terms of GHG emissions. By contrast, Norway 's carbon tax, for example, varies the tax rate depending on fuels but the rates are denominated in GHG emissions. Despite this, Nigeria's motivation for the tax is to contribute toward its 2030 goal of zero routine flaring and venting, which reduces a source of methane emissions.29 Since 2020, the inclusion of industry and waste sectors by implemented carbon pricing instruments has outpaced that of the power sector (Figure 5). The number of implemented instruments covering industry grew from 55 to 70 ETSs and carbon taxes between 2020 and 2026, a 44 percent increase. This compares to 22 percent growth in instrument coverage of the power sector over the same period, from 51 to 62. This reflects both the introduction of new instruments and revisions to existing policies, such as the expansion of China's national ETS to cover industrial sectors from 2024 onwards. Forthcoming ETSs will also include industrial sectors—Malaysia's potential carbon tax, for example, is planned to include its iron and steel sectors. One potential reason for the growth in industrial sector coverage is a reaction to the introduction of EU CBAM (see Box 2), which was first proposed by the European Commission in July 2021. However, the motivation to include additional sectors is broader than that. For example, the number of implemented ETSs and carbon taxes that include the waste sector, whose emissions are not subject to EU CBAM, grew 129 percent from six to 15 between 2020 and 2026. FIGURE 5 Change in the number of implemented ETSs and carbon taxes in each sector, 2020-2026 Source: World Bank analysis. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Count of implemented ETSs and carbon taxes 2020 2021 202 023 2024 2025 2026 4% Industry 2020-2026 % Change 2% Power 31% Aviation and shiping 3% Buildings 3% Road transport 5% Forestry and agriculture 129% Waste ..PAGE:25 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 2 21 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 The increased heterogeneity in carbon pricing instruments (implemented and under development) has increased government interest in improving policy alignment and interoperability. The Open Coalition on Compliance Carbon Markets, launched at COP 30 with 18 member countries, seeks to “establish shared standards and connect different carbon credit trading systems to generate liquidity, predictability and transparency for the sector”.30 This work builds on efforts—under the Joint Task Force on Climate Action, Carbon Pricing and Policy Spillovers—to support policy coordination on carbon pricing to reduce negative cross-border spillovers and close gaps on transparency, implementation and ambition.31 Improved alignment could take various forms, such as defining best practices for Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) of emissions across carbon pricing instruments, noting that pursuing the formal linking of ETSs is not a stated objective for the coalition. Improved alignment has the potential to reduce administrative and compliance costs, particularly for micro, small and medium enterprises and low-capacity countries who could face multiple carbon prices as carbon border adjustments increase. Similarly, an OECD initiative to help optimize the global impact of emissions reduction efforts, the Inclusive Forum for Carbon Mitigation Approaches (IFCMA), has endorsed interoperability as a guiding principle for its work on carbon intensities. This forum of 61 members has published a report providing practical guidance to enhance interoperability between emission, MRV systems underlying carbon pricing.32 2.2  Average carbon prices have increased for both carbon taxes and ETSs since April 2025 Average carbon prices have doubled over the past decade, primarily driven by allowance price increases in large ETSs (Figure 6). The average carbon price for emissions covered by an implemented carbon price rose seven percent compared to 2025 in real USD terms, reaching nearly US$ 21/tCO2e.33 Average ETS prices are currently around US$ 22/tCO2e, a rise of 6.5 percent compared to 2025, while average carbon tax rates grew by over 11 percent, reaching around US$ 19.50/tCO2e in 2026. The increase in EU ETS allowance prices over the past 12 months was the largest contributor to this increase. Average carbon tax rates increased in real terms by around 11.4 percent compared to 2025 levels. Macroeconomic factors can also be at play—a strengthening of currencies in countries with high carbon prices increased their relative value in the global weighted average, for example. While average prices have doubled in real terms compared to 2026, they remain below their 2022 peak of over US$ 25/tCO2e. However, these price fluctuations coincided with large expansions in carbon pricing coverage—the 2026 average price is based on a coverage base that is three GtCO2e, or five percent of global GHG emissions, larger than in 2022. For example, since 2024 China's national ETS has expanded to include industrial sectors. The average carbon price metric provides a useful indication of progress, but it should not be interpreted as a comprehensive measure of ambition or effort. ..PAGE:26 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 2 22 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 FIGURE 6 Average carbon price for ETSs, carbon taxes, and both combined 2016–2026, US$2026/tCO2e Source: World Bank analysis. US$2026/tCO 2e 8 12 16 20 24 28 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 20242025 2026 ETS Carbon tax ETS + carbon tax (combined) Region Average carbon price, 2026 % of global coverage1 15% 5% 3% 71% 4% <1% % of global coverage1Average carbon price, 2026Income level Midle East and North Africa Latin America nd the Caribean East Asia Pacific Sub-Saharan Africa North America Europe and Central Asia 7 1 4 <1% 68% 31% 0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80 Lower midle Uper midle High 2 4 1 19 43 68 1 Calculated as percentage of global GHG emissions covered by an ETS or carbon tax. Values exclude newly implemented ETSs in India, Japan and Viet Namwhere carbon prices are not available at time of publication. Prices are as of April 1, 2026 Importantly, the quoted carbon prices only include direct carbon pricing instruments, and do not reflect price incentives provided by other instruments. For instance, it is also relevant to consider indirect carbon pricing, such as fuel taxes, which are included in broader measures such as the World Bank's Total Carbon Price (TCP)34 or the OECD's Net Effective Carbon Rate (Net ECR),35 which both account for direct carbon prices, fuel excise taxes, and fossil fuel subsidies that lower pre-tax fuel prices. The TCP also accounts for value-added tax differentials, recognizing that differentiated tax rates across fuels can influence price incentives in some countries. Measuring changes in broader carbon price incentives are particularly helpful to better understand policy responses to energy price shocks. This is because they capture not only fluctuations in carbon tax rates or ETS prices but also changes in broader fuel taxes and fuel subsidies due to shifts in either policy or market prices. Average carbon prices vary significantly by region and country income level. Regionally, the highest levels of direct carbon pricing adoption are in Europe and Central Asia (the region includes 30 of 87 implemented ETSs and carbon taxes), and it is also the region with the highest average carbon price of US$ 68/tCO2e. The largest contributor is the EU ETS as the largest direct carbon price in the region, though there are national ETSs and carbon taxes with higher prices. This average price is significantly higher than average carbon prices of ETSs and carbon taxes in North America (US$ 43/tCO2e), Sub-Saharan Africa (US$ 19/tCO2e), the East Asia Pacific region (US$11/tCO2e) or Latin America and the Caribbean (US$ 4/tCO2e). In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), the only implemented policy is Israel's carbon tax for around US$ 2/tCO2e. As expected, high-income countries have average carbon prices above peers in upper-middle income countries, US$ 44tCO2e ..PAGE:27 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 2 23 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 While average ETS prices increased, there was significant variation in trends of individual ETSs (Figure 7). ž¹ãŠÞã~ާſ§¿”¿”ÓŸõ¾~Ó¶”ÞÐÓ§Š”× Ş~¹¹Åï~¿Š”~ãŠÞ§Å¿×~¿Þ¤”Ó”žÅӔӔãŠ”Þ¤”žÓ””~¹¹ÅŠ~ާſתДӾ§Þק¿P¤~הŞޤ”7 ^WžÓž There was significant variation in price trends across individual instruments in the 12 months prior to April 1, 2026 (Figure 2.5). Þ~ôžÅӔô~¾Ð¹”§¿ŠÓ”~הÐ”ÓŠ”¿ÞžÓžW\" ÞÅW\" Þ E ..PAGE:28 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 2 24 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 FIGURE 7 Carbon prices across ETSs and carbon taxes as of April 1, 2026 Source: World Bank analysis. US$2026/tCO 2e ETS Carbon tax 0 20 40 60 80 10 120 140 160 180 Indonesia ETS Ukraine carbon tax Kazakhstan ETS Saitama ETS Poland carbon tax Israel carbon tax Japan carbon tax State of Mexico carbon tax Fujian pilot ETS Mexico City carbon tax Tokyo CaT Mexico carbon tax Tianjin pilot ETS Serbia carbon tax Chile carbon tax Minneapolis carbon tax Chongqing pilot ETS Argentina carbon tax Hubei pilot ETS Guangdong pilot ETS Durango carbon tax Guanajuato carbon taxMorelos carbon taxShenzhen pilot ETSNigeria carbon taxColombia carbon tax Shanghai pilot ETS Taiwan, China carbon fee Korea ETS China national ETS Zacatecas carbon tax Albania carbon tax Beijing pilot ETS Latvia carbon Tax Spain carbon tax Yucatan carbon tax South Africa carbon tax Mauritania carbon tax San Luis Potosí carbon tax Tamaulipas carbon tax UK Carbon Price Support Colorado GHG crediting trading system RGGI New Zealand ETS Australia Safeguard Mechanism Estonia carbon tax Quebec CaT California CaT Montenegro ETS Massachusetts ETS Colima carbon tax Andorra carbon tax Singapore carbon tax Slovenia carbon tax Queretaro carbon tax Hungary carbon tax Luxembourg carbon tax France carbon tax UK ETS Finland carbon tax Austria ETS Germany ETS Washington CCA Alberta TIER Canada OBPS Ireland carbon tax Iceland carbon taxPortugal carbon taxEU ETSSwitzerland ETSNetherlands carbon taxDenmark carbon tax Liechtenstein carbon tax Switzerland carbon tax Sweden carbon tax Norway carbon tax Uruguay CO 2 tax ..PAGE:29 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 2 25 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 2.3  Government revenues from carbon pricing in 2025 rose by two percent to US$ 107 billion, with ETSs contributing over 70 percent of total carbon revenues In 2025 carbon pricing revenues reached US$ 107 billion, an increase of around two percent from 2024 levels in real terms (Figure 8). Revenues from ETSs and carbon taxes have exceeded US$ 100 billion, in real terms, each year since 2021. Revenues from carbon taxes decreased 20 percent to US$ 27 billion, while revenues from ETSs increased 13 percent to over US$ 80 billion. The largest absolute change in revenues occurred in the EU ETS, driven by increasing prices for allowances sold at government auctions. The largest contributor to the decline in carbon tax revenue was due to Canada's federal fuel charge being reduced to zero from April 1, 2025 and therefore revenues were collected only during the first three months of the year. These developments help explain why almost three-quarters of carbon pricing revenues now come from ETSs. Viewed over the past decade, ETS revenue growth has outpaced carbon taxes (see Figure 8). These increases were not uniform across jurisdictions, however. For example, the largest relative changes in revenues occurred in Denmark and Singapore, where increased carbon tax rates generated annual revenue growth of 296 percent and 214 percent, respectively. Conversely, reduced allowance prices in California resulted in annual revenues roughly 30 percent lower than in 2024. New Zealand's allowance auctions did not receive bids at its reserve price of NZD 71/tCO2e, which removed almost all government revenues from its ETS. ..PAGE:30 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 2 26 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 FIGURE 8 ETS and carbon tax revenues 2024–2025, 2025 US$ Source: World Bank analysis. EU ETS Germany ETS California C&I Washington C&I Austria ETS Norway carbon tax Denmark carbon tax Carbon Pricing Support (UK) Singapore carbon tax Canada Federal Fuel Charge 214% -33% 296% 15% -73% 21% 98% -31% 27% 13% -100% 0% 100% 200% 300% 400% 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2025 US$ billions 2024 2025 Select major ETSs and carbon taxes (by revenues) % change in 2024-2025 revenues 1 1Changes in revenue are measured in real US$ terms Absolute change (2025 US$, Millions) + 5 ,74 4 +3,858 -1,378 +812 + 2 74 +242 +1,535 -296 +335 -6,649 Carbon tax ETS 34 27 71 80 105 107 ..PAGE:31 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 2 27 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 Almost all carbon revenues are raised in high-income countries and are regionally concentrated in Europe and North America. Despite around 70 percent of global GHG emissions covered by carbon pricing occurring in middle- or low-income countries, these countries generate approximately one percent of global carbon pricing revenues. There are multiple reasons for this. Carbon prices are generally lower in middle-income countries relative to high-income peers (see Figure 6). Policy design can also limit the potential to raise revenues. For example, newly implemented ETSs in India and Viet Nam do not auction allowances and therefore provide no revenue for governments (Viet Nam plans to commence allowance auctions in 2029 when the ETS is fully operational). China's national ETS similarly does not currently auction emissions allowances. Conversely, California's cap-and-invest program auctioned over 40 percent of emissions allowances in 2025, and the EU ETS auctions up to 57 percent of its allowances in its current phase (though other systems have lower use of auction, such as roughly three percent of allowances under the Republic of Korea's ETS).39 Changes to allowance allocation rules can therefore change the potential for revenue collection. These examples can help explain the concentration of carbon pricing revenues in the Europe and Central Asia region, which accounted for over 85 percent of revenues in 2025, with North America, particularly subnational cap-and-invest programs in California and Washington State and Québec's cap-and-trade system, comprising a further 10 percent of total revenues. Planned and newly operational carbon pricing instruments and border carbon adjustments are allocating a significant share of revenues to fund green investments, along with general budget support. Türkiye's ETS revenues will be allocated exclusively for special budget revenues for green transformation and climate action, though these activities have yet to be defined and all allowances are expected to be freely allocated for the initial phases of the ETS.40 This strategy aligns with that of the EU, which in 2023 passed reforms to mandate that 100 percent of its ETS revenues be used for climate- and energy-related purposes. Revenues raised through auctions on power generators under Japan's GX-ETS will be used to redeem “GX Economy Transition” bonds, which fund domestic energy transition projects.41 In addition, discussions are ongoing at the EU level on how revenues generated through EU CBAM will be allocated, including the potential to support the EU's budget, allocations to member states or to fund a proposed Temporary Decarbonization Fund to support carbon-intensive sectors at risk of carbon leakage.42 The EU and individual member states are channeling revenues toward funds with specific policy objectives, similar to approaches undertaken in North America. The EU's Social Climate Fund, which launched in 2026, exemplifies the trend toward funding a socially just transition. The fund expects to mobilize more than EUR 86 billion by 2032, financed partially through revenues from the forthcoming ETS2 on buildings and road transport. The fund will target investments that provide direct income support or solutions such as energy efficiency and clean heating for vulnerable households and small businesses. The EU is also dedicating EU ETS revenues to its Innovation Fund and Modernization Funds, which finance the demonstration of low-carbon technologies and the modernization of energy systems. EU Member states are following a similar approach, such as Germany 's Climate and Transformation Fund, which has become a central instrument for scaling up renewable energy, electrification, and industrial decarbonization. At both the supranational (EU) and member-state levels, these funds are similar to examples from North America. For example, subnational ETSs in the United States direct allowance auction revenues toward disadvantaged communities. Washington State mandates that at least 35 percent of auction revenues benefit overburdened communities, with a further 10 percent reserved for projects supported by Tribal communities.43 In California, auction proceeds to its Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund provide support for affordable housing and low-carbon transport. There are also examples of innovation funds, such as the technological innovation fund in Alberta, where CAD 2 billion (US$ 1.4 billion) in revenues from its Technology Innovation and Emissions Reduction (TIER) regulation were allocated to fund deployment of low-carbon technologies between 2009 and 2022.44 In concert, these developments demonstrate a model where carbon pricing revenues are institutionalized to align with a government's broader economic, social and industrial policies. ..PAGE:32 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotesChapter 2 28 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 Governments are changing their carbon pricing policies in ways that could affect future potential revenues. For example, the EU ETS currently plans to reduce the number of freely allocated allowances to industry participants between 2026 and 2034, which would increase the potential revenue available through allowance auctions. Similarly, the UK's planned introduction of a CBAM on imports of aluminum, fertilizer, hydrogen and iron and steel sectors from 2027 will be paired with a gradual phase-out of free allowances for these sectors. There are also measures that support participants in carbon taxes that have revenue implications: Serbia's carbon tax, for example, will permit electricity generation facilities to receive a tax credit for 20 percent of eligible investments in approved measures that reduce their emissions, up to a maximum of 80 percent of their calculated tax liability.45 ..PAGE:33 Chapter 3Carbon credit ing mechanisms ..PAGE:34 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 30 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 CHAPTER 3 Carbon crediting mechanisms Carbon credit markets saw a slight decline in total credit retirements, a steady rise in credit issuances, and minor reductions in carbon credit prices. Behind the global aggregates, however, is a more nuanced picture. Credit retirements for voluntary purposes held steady, and the yearly decline is mainly attributable to compliance retirements, particularly in California. The largest year-on-year increase in credit issuances were industrial processes and forestry and land use projects. Credit prices vary not only based on the project type but other factors, such as their potential end-use, whereby CORSIA-eligible credits continued to display price premia. There's growing evidence that higher-rated projects attract higher prices. There are three sources of supply for carbon credits—governmental, independent and international crediting mechanisms. In each case, the mechanisms enable activities to be credited based on the reduction or removal of greenhouse gas emissions achieved. • Governmental crediting mechanisms: These are administered by one or more national or subnational governments. Examples of such mechanisms include the Thai-VER scheme, the Californian Compliance Offset Program, and the Australian Carbon Credit Unit Scheme.• Independent crediting mechanisms: This category includes mechanisms administered by nongovernmental organizations. Examples include Verra's Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) and Gold Standard.• International crediting mechanisms: These are administered or managed by an international organization established with the authority of national governments, such as UN agencies. The principal international crediting mechanism is the centralized Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism (PACM), established under Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement. Retirements of carbon credits could occur across four categories: These are voluntary use, domestic compliance, achieving Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), and international compliance. • Domestic compliance: This consists of liable entities under mandatory compliance schemes, such as ETSs and carbon taxes, being allowed to purchase carbon credits to meet a portion of their compliance obligations. Examples include liable entities purchasing credits for compliance with Colombia's carbon tax, the Republic of Korea's ETS, and California's Cap-and-Invest Program.• International compliance: CORSIA, introduced by the International Civil Aviation Organization, is currently the only international sectoral compliance system. CORSIA requires covered airlines to offset the growth in their CO₂ emissions beyond 2019 levels by purchasing carbon credits issued by approved crediting mechanisms.• NDC achievement: This refers to sovereign demand for international carbon credits (internationally transferred mitigation outcomes) authorized under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement to meet (or outperform) national climate targets (articulated through NDCs submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change). Examples of sovereign buyers include Japan, Singapore and Switzerland.• Voluntary: This involves private entities purchasing carbon credits to meet voluntary mitigation commitments. These commitments include corporate net zero targets and other voluntary climate or environmental claims. ..PAGE:35 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 31 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 Carbon credits supplied through crediting mechanisms can therefore potentially satisfy a broad range of demand types (Figure 9), and this is expanding the market for emission reduction or carbon removal activities. For example, independent crediting mechanisms do not only serve voluntary buyers. A subset of credits issued through independent crediting mechanisms such as Gold Standard or Verra can be retired for compliance in implemented carbon taxes and ETSs, including those in Chile, Colombia and South Africa, and potentially in Brazil and Türkiye once their ETSs are fully implemented. The European Union has agreed to use international credits to meet up to five percent of 1990 EU net emissions toward its 2040 climate target, starting from 2036. Crediting mechanisms such as ART TREES46 and the World Bank-administered Forest Carbon Partnership Facility, alongside governmental mechanisms such as the Thailand Voluntary Emissions Reduction Program, are being approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization to supply to the Carbon Offsetting Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), conditional on meeting additional requirements such as a corresponding adjustment from the host country.47 Finally, credits generated by the newly operational PACM could be retired for voluntary corporate claims, in addition potentially helping buyer countries achieve their NDCs (contingent on authorization from the host country). Carbon credits that meet certain conditions can therefore access multiple demand sources. FIGURE 9 Crediting mechanisms and use cases for carbon credits Voluntary Carbon credit mechanisms (Issuances) Domestic compliance International compliance NDC achievement Carbon credit use cases (retirements)Credits can serve various use cases Examples: Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism (PACM) credits are applicable for compliance with domestic carbon pricing (e.g., Republic of Korea) Governmental crediting mechanisms incentivize voluntary action (e.g., Thailand T-VER program) Independent crediting mechanisms generate units with a corresponding adjustment for NDCs or CORSIA (e.g., Verified Carbon Standard) Governmental crediting mechanisms Independent crediting mechanisms International crediting mechanisms ..PAGE:36 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 32 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 It is important to note that retirements do not necessarily reflect current-year demand for carbon credits. Retirement figures do not always reflect demand in the same year. While retirements are a useful indicator, credits purchased in a given year may not be retired until a later date—meaning annual retirement data can lag behind actual buying activity. This lag sometimes occurs when the value chain between credit issuance and final retirement involves multiple intermediaries. Final users—those who ultimately retire credits—are frequently not the first purchasers, especially among voluntary buyers. Between issuance and retirement, credits may be exchanged via agents and brokers who aggregate supply on behalf of final users, as well as traders and speculators who acquire credits for investment purposes. As a result, observed retirement volumes in any given period reflect a blend of purchasing decisions made across multiple prior years. Governments and international bodies are playing an increasing role in carbon markets. Independent carbon credit mechanisms, such as ACR (formerly American Carbon Registry), Gold Standard and Verra continue to issue the most carbon credits globally. However, governments are engaging both by administering their own crediting mechanisms that issue credits and by integrating carbon credits into domestic carbon pricing policies including ETS and carbon taxes. Governments are also engaging internationally under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement to manage transfers that contribute toward meeting NDCs and other international mitigation purposes, including potentially the European Union after 2030 (see Box 3). In parallel, governments and private initiatives are increasingly converging around the development of verification systems aimed at ensuring emissions data are robust, comparable and credible.48 There are 34 governmental crediting mechanisms currently implemented globally (Figure 10). There are also 11 mechanisms under consideration or under development. This includes crediting mechanisms in countries that are also developing carbon pricing mechanisms. For example, India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) has both a compliance mechanism, the emission intensity-based ETS discussed in the previous chapter, and an offset mechanism, where entities from a list of 10 approved sectors can generate Carbon Credit Certificates (CCCs). Both mechanisms are part of the same legislative framework (the CCTS) and are administered by the same authority, (the Bureau of Energy Efficiency), under the oversight of the National Steering Committee for Indian Carbon Market. While the obligated and nonobligated entities shall register and trade the CCCs on the exchanges registered by the commission for the purpose of the CCC trade under the Indian Carbon Market, no decision has been taken on whether CCCs generated under the CCTS's offset mechanism can be used toward obligations under the CCTS's compliance mechanism.49 ..PAGE:37 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 33 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 FIGURE 10 Map of governmental crediting mechanisms implemented or under development, as of April 1, 2026 Sri Lanka Carbon Crediting Mechanism Indonedia Crediting Mechanism South Africa Crediting Mechanism Mexico Crediting Mechanism Ecuador Crediting Mechanism Kazakhstan Crediting Mechanism Canada Federal GHG Ofset System Thailand Voluntary Emission Reduction Program Greenhouse Gas Crediting and Ofsetting Mechanism Eygpt Crediting Mechanism Taiwan, China GHG Ofset Management Program Viet Nam Crediting Mechanism Portuguese Voluntary Carbon Market Spain FES-CO 2 Program Switzerland CO 2 Attestations Crediting Mechanism UK Woodland Carbon Code Peatland Code Australia Carbon Credit Unit Scheme (ACCU) China GHG Voluntary Emission Reduction Program India Crediting Mechanism Colombia Crediting Mechanism Panama Crediting Mechanism Chile Green Tax Emissions Ofsetting Scheme California Compliance Ofset Program Washington Crediting Mechanism Joint Crediting Mechanism Republic of Korea Ofset Credit Mechanism J-Credit Scheme Implemented Under development Crediting Mechanism Status RGGI CO 2 Ofset Mechanism Alberta Emission Ofset System Québec Ofset Crediting Mechanism British Columbia Ofset Program Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program Beijing Certified Emission Reduction Mechanism Guangdong Pu Hui Ofset Crediting Mechanism Saitama Target Setting Emissions Trading System Saitama Forest Absorption Certification System Chongqing Carbon Ofset Mechanism Fujian Forestry Ofset Crediting Mechanism Sakhalin Oblast Pilot crediting mechanism Galicia Catalonia France Label Bas - Carbone Murcia Taiwan, China GHG Ofset Management Program ..PAGE:38 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 34 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 The Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism (PACM) is now operational. PACM is managed by the UNFCCC as a crediting mechanism to support countries to meet their NDCs. Units generated by PACM can also be used for voluntary purposes. There are two channels available for projects to be approved by PACM—a track for older Clean Development Mechanism (CDM, Kyoto era) projects to transition, and a separate process for new projects where standards and methodologies are awaiting approval. Transitioning projects must receive approval from the PACM and the host country. While the window for CDM projects to receive approval from PACM has passed, the deadline for receiving host country approval has been extended to June 30, 2026. Among the projects that have received host party approval, a clean cookstove programmatic (i.e., multi-activity) project from Myanmar has become the first to obtain provisional credit issuance under PACM (see Chapter 3.2). Countries are advancing their policy and regulatory environment to enable scaled-up participation in international carbon markets. In their latest NDC submissions, over 100 countries have indicated their willingness to leverage international carbon markets through Article 6 (Paris Agreement) to meet their climate and development goals.50 To this end, more countries have adopted legislation related to carbon markets in 2025, bringing the total number of countries with authorization arrangements in place or in progress to more than 50.51 That said, the form of legislation differs across these countries and each provides varying levels of detail. For example, Indonesia,52 Philippines,53 Malaysia,54 and Uzbekistan have each published regulatory frameworks in the past year that clarified key decisions and institutional responsibilities, processes, and eligible mitigation activities for authorizing Article 6 transfers. Some countries like Pakistan55 and Panama56 launched draft carbon market frameworks for public consultation which, when finalized, will be enacted as regulation. Beyond detailing oversight and approval procedures, countries like Uganda,57 Tanzania,58 Zimbabwe,59 or Peru60 have also specified fees that they intend to collect per project for registration or providing corresponding adjustments for Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes (ITMOs). Viet Nam,61 and Kazakhstan62 each also launched carbon exchanges to promote international trading of carbon credits from projects in their jurisdictions. Increased alignment in market infrastructure is fostering interoperability across jurisdictions and markets. For example, under Article 6.2, which provides a pathway for bilateral trading of credits for meeting NDC commitments, host countries have the flexibility to rely on existing mechanisms and methodologies to generate credits, so long as there is agreement with buyer countries. To address potential fragmentation that may arise given this flexibility, Verra and Gold Standard alongside the Government of Singapore launched the Article 6.2 crediting protocol at COP30.63 This protocol aims to streamline processes and approaches for implementation of Article 6.2 using independent crediting mechanisms and registries. In parallel, UNFCCC has commenced work on development of an Article 6.2 International Registry,64 which is intended to support tracking, transfer and reporting of ITMOs, and could particularly be useful for countries that do not have the capacity to operate their own national registries. Implementation of this registry is expected to further promote consistency of accounting approaches and data standards across countries and enable future interoperability. 3.2  Carbon credit retirements declined in 2025, but demand for credits could increase as ETSs under development become operational In 2025 overall global carbon credit retirements declined by around 11 percent compared to 2024 levels (Figure 11).65 Retirements for voluntary purposes remained stable, but retirements of carbon credits for compliance purposes declined by around 38 percent compared to 2024 levels. This can be attributed to California's cap-and-invest program, where retirements levels returned closer to 2023 after a single-year spike in 2024 due to companies looking to meet obligations under California's three-year compliance cycle. As a result, the share of retirements for voluntary purposes represented approximately 82 percent of total retirements in 2025, an increase from 74 percent in 2024. ..PAGE:39 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 35 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 FIGURE 11 Carbon credit retirements for voluntary and compliance purposes, 2023–2025 Source: AlliedOffsets and World Bank data. Domestic compliance demand from implemented carbon pricing instruments has continued to evolve in response to these varying policy priorities. Governments typically limit the type and quantity of credits eligible for ETS and carbon tax compliance. Permitting carbon credits allow policymakers to provide flexibility for market participants, but limits on their use can maintain the incentive for covered facilities to reduce emissions within their own boundaries. Restrictions on the types of carbon credits that are eligible for use could help manage the potential risk of nonadditional or nonpermanent credits being used to offset emissions from facilities covered by the ETS or carbon tax. Colombia 14.7 million South Africa 5.7 million Alberta 7.4 million Australia 8.7 million 0 50 100 150 200 250 2023 2024 2025 212 257 230 Voluntary purposes Compliance purposes Million tCO 2e Breakdown of carbon credit retirements for compliance purposes by jurisdiction in 2025 190 190 18 2 67 42 Other Chile California 1.3 million 1.7 million 2.2 million ..PAGE:40 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 36 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 Several jurisdictions have adjusted quantitative and qualitative requirements on the eligibility of carbon credits for their carbon pricing mechanism, including: • California’s Cap-and-Invest program, where the legislature passed Assembly Bill 1207 to extend until 2045. Beyond providing a longer-term signal to market participants, the Bill also increased the proportion of the emissions cap that can be offset with the use of carbon credits from four percent to six percent. The Bill also introduced measures that will withdraw allowances from future emissions caps for each carbon credit retired, thereby effectively bringing offsets “within” the emissions cap rather than being accounted in addition to it.66 • The Republic of Korea’s ETS, which enters Phase 4 in 2026, will permit international credits that are compliant with Article 6 as part of its five percent limit for participating companies. This is similar to the situation in Singapore, which also permits international credits aligned with Article 6 to be used toward carbon tax compliance.• The United Kingdom is considering the inclusion of domestically generated carbon dioxide removals in its national ETS, with potential legislation in 2028 for implementation from 2029 onwards.• The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), an ETS covering nine northeastern and Mid-Atlantic U.S. states, plans to end its offsetting program from 2027 onwards, though existing credits will remain eligible for compliance. Only one project has issued credits, totaling 48,000 tCO2e, during RGGI's implementation.• In Tamaulipas, Mexico, the existing carbon tax reformed the rules around offset eligibility. Currently, companies in the state can retire either domestic or international offsets for compliance up to a limit of 25 percent of their carbon tax obligation. However, the requirement to validate carbon credits through its Low Carbon Label process was eliminated, meaning that there is currently no formal certification process for credits, which may create legal and financial uncertainty for companies purchasing credits. Carbon credits are allowed in some ETSs and carbon taxes up to a quantitative limit, but historically carbon credits are retired at a level lower than the maximum permitted (Figure 12). In recent years, the biggest source of compliance demand has been from entities with obligations within the California cap-and-Invest program and the Colombian tax jurisdictions. Other systems also allow carbon credits up to a legislated limit.67 It is important to note that in practice the use of carbon credits as offsets is often below legislated limits. Across a sample of five ETSs and carbon taxes from 2022 to 2025, actual retirements remain below the legislated maximum credits allowed. This could suggest that carbon credits are not always a price competitive option for meeting compliance obligations, or that the availability of eligible credits is insufficient relative to maximum permitted demand, and that market dynamics can limit the need for market participants to procure carbon credits. In an ETS, it is also important to note the timing of compliance periods—in the Republic of Korea's ETS, for example, it is possible that market participants will increase their carbon credit retirements in 2026 to finalize their obligations in the third compliance period from 2021 to 2025.68 This is similar to the single-year increase in retirements in California's cap-and-invest program in 2024. ..PAGE:41 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 37 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 FIGURE 12 Comparison of maximum estimated theoretical demand and actual retirements for carbon credits from ETSs and carbon taxes Source: AlliedOffsets and World Bank data Beyond currently implemented policies, there are emerging indications of additional potential demand. For example, the legislation establishing a national ETS in Brazil provides a framework for liable entities to potentially use credits to offset compliance liabilities. The potential inclusion of credits, their eligibility, and the permitted level of use are still under consideration by the government of Brazil. Türkiye has also signaled the potential for domestic carbon credits to be eligible to offset up to 10 percent of ETS obligations, but this will not be permitted during the pilot phase, which is expected to commence in 2026. Another source of emerging demand is from EU member states to meet the bloc's 2040 climate target. The EU Parliament and the Council have approved use of up to five percent of 1990 EU net emissions to be met through purchase of credits from 2036-40; these will need to be compliant with Article 6 and any additional EU criteria. It has not yet been decided whether these credits may be used to meet EU ETS obligations (Box 3). ETS Carbon tax 2026 2025 20264% 5% 5% 10% 50% 92% 8% 1% 7% 61% N/A N/A Colombia carbon tax South Africa carbon tax Washington cap-and-invest Republic of Korea ETS California cap-and-invest Note: ETS allowances and carbon credits for a given year are typically retired the following year (e.g., units surrendered for 2025 GHG emissions are surrendered during 2026).Maximum percentage ofcarbon credits allowed Actual retirements, percentage ofmaximum allowed ETS complianceperiod end date ..PAGE:42 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 38 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 The Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) has commenced its first phase, but credit retirements remain low. CORSIA completed its voluntary pilot phase in 2023 and is currently in its first phase for 2024-2026 emissions. Purchasing carbon credits is one compliance pathway available for airlines to meet their CORSIA obligations, along with energy efficiency improvements, sustainable aviation fuels and other measures. According to S&P Global Energy, collectively airlines face approximately 150 MtCO2e in cumulative offsetting requirements during Phase I of CORSIA, and the International Air Transport Association estimates 150-240 MtCO2e of cumulative demand in Phase I. Operators are expected to opt to comply primarily by cancelling CORSIA Eligible Emissions Units (EEUs).72 However, according to S&P Global Energy 's outlook, eligible EEU supply may be insufficient to meet demand by the January 2028 compliance deadline.73 CORSIA has approved 10 crediting mechanisms74 to supply EEUs for the first phase.75 Twenty-five crediting mechanisms have also already submitted applications to ICAO to secure eligibility to supply CORSIA's second compliance phase (2027-29).76 However, to date, only three airlines, All Nippon Airways, Singapore Airlines and Japan Airlines, have retired EEUs, with a total volume of only 331,100 tCO2e.77 This can be partly attributed to the limited availability of correspondingly adjusted credits in the market (see Figure 16 in section 3.3 below). Future purchases and retirements may rise, but uncertainty over CORSIA enforcement by national regulators may also be dampening current demand. Guidance for corporate buyers on retiring carbon credits as part of their voluntary climate commitments remains dispersed across initiatives. Over the past few years, voluntary decarbonization initiatives on corporate use of carbon credits have attempted to move toward greater clarity. There are various potential standards for corporate use of carbon credits. First, the Science Based Targets Initiative (SBTi), which released a revised consultation draft of its corporate net zero target standard in November 2025 to potentially provide recognition for addressing Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions through credits.78 Second, the Voluntary Carbon Markets Integrity Initiative (VCMI), which published its updated code of practice for making corporate claims that include retiring carbon credits.79 Thirdly, the International BOX 3 European Union NDC and international credits Modifications to the EU's climate targets include a role for carbon credits sourced internationally. In December 2025, EU member states reached a political agreement to amend the existing European Climate Law by setting an objective of reducing net EU emissions by 90 percent compared to 1990 levels. Up to 5 percent of this reduction can be met using eligible international carbon credits that meet EU quality criteria. In March 2026, the European Council formally adopted this amendment to EU climate law.69 Credits would be eligible from 2036-2040, with a “pilot” program for procuring international credits from 2031-2035. One estimate of potential demand by European think tank Climate and Company estimates approximately 932 million credits between 2036 and 2040 (there is however a high degree of uncertainty in projecting total demand for credits).70 Under the agreement, credits sourced internationally through Article 6 of the Paris Agreement can be used to achieve the EU's climate target. The eligibility of these credits to be used for compliance under the EU ETS, or forthcoming EU ETS 2 for buildings and road transport, has not yet been determined. Implementing acts will set out detailed governance arrangements for the EU's procurement of international credits, including eligibility criteria. Carbon Dioxide Removals (CDR) from projects within the European Union could also be integrated into the EU ETS, with a review and decision expected later in 2026. If permitted, CDR credits that are “permanent” would be eligible to compensate for remaining emissions covered by the ETS. In February 2026 the European Commission announced that three methodologies for carbon removal—direct air capture with carbon storage, Biogenic emissions capture with carbon storage, and Biochar carbon removal— have been adopted under the EU's Carbon Removal and Carbon Farming regulation.71 ..PAGE:43 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 39 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 Organization for Standardization (ISO), which is developing a standard for net zero aligned organizations that includes potential guidance on using carbon credits. ISO also announced a partnership with GHG Protocol to harmonize standards for GHG accounting and reporting.80 The absence of universal guidance has prompted new government-led initiatives aimed at increasing confidence among voluntary buyers. For example, the Carbon Credit Charter,81 the Guidance on Role of Carbon Credits in Corporate Decarbonization,82 and the Principles for Voluntary Carbon and Nature Market Integrity83 (published by the governments of France, Singapore and the United Kingdom respectively) address similar core principles, albeit in varying detail: namely that carbon credits should complement rather than substitute internal emissions reductions; that credits should meet defined standards of additionality, permanence, and verifiability; and that companies should disclose their credit use transparently as part of a broader decarbonization plan. Though each is voluntary, their convergence reflects a degree of alignment among major economies on how responsible corporate credit use should be approached. Building on these efforts, the Coalition to Grow Carbon Markets— comprising Canada, France, Kenya, New Zealand, Panama, Peru, Singapore, Switzerland, the UK, and Zambia—launched its shared principles for growing high-integrity use of carbon credits at COP 30 on November 4, 2025 (Indonesia has since then joined the Coalition). The principles aim to support national governments in developing policies that provide companies with greater clarity on how carbon credits can be used.84 The increase in the volume and value of offtake transactions signal a pipeline of future demand for carbon credits, particularly carbon removals. Offtake agreements are long-term contracts where buyers commit to purchasing a set volume of future carbon credits (either directly from developers or indirectly via funds), though they are not a guarantee that projects will be fully implemented. Whereas retirements are a proxy to understand contemporaneous demand (noting that credits bought in a particular year may not necessarily be retired the same year), offtake agreements give a potential indication of future demand. They also indicate that credit buyers are increasingly engaging upstream in the carbon credit process (prior to project implementation) rather than downstream (after credits have been issued to a project). Assuming full delivery, offtake agreements in 2025 totaled commitments to procure an estimated 158 MtCO2e in future years, a four-fold increase from the previous year, and nearly 70 percent of total credit retirements in 2025.85 In terms of value, offtake agreements signed in 2025 are estimated to have reached US$ 12 billion, nearly three times the 2024 total of US$ 4.2 billion and over five times 2023 levels (US$ 2.3 billion). Another analysis estimates US$ 16 billion of capital committed in 2025, encompassing both the value of offtake agreements and investments toward developing carbon credit projects.86 Engineered carbon dioxide removals (such as Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage and Direct Air Capture) and nature-based removals (such as afforestation, reforestation and revegetation) projects make up a significant majority of these offtake deals: AlliedOffsets estimates that 67 percent of the value of 2025 offtakes are for engineered carbon removals, with 19 percent for nature-based removals and 14 percent for avoidance or emission reduction projects. The relatively high value of offtakes from engineered and nature-based removals is partly due to the higher cost of developing these project types compared to emission reduction projects. Pricing of engineered carbon credits is detailed in section 3.4. This growth can be mainly attributed to large corporate buyers and particularly Microsoft making forward purchasing commitments, supplemented by the emergence of new financing models (Box 4). ..PAGE:44 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 40 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 BOX 4: Examples of emerging financing structures for new carbon credit projects Historically, project developers would finance up-front costs of preparing and implementing a carbon credit project through their balance sheets and recoup costs by selling carbon credits later in the project lifecycle. However, financing approaches are shifting to larger, more structured and risk-managed capital stacks with the entry of larger corporate buyers, banks and specialized funds, particularly for nature-based projects. Examples of new financing structures include: • Forward offtake agreements for credits at a discounted price to provide upfront capital in exchange for future delivery of credits (for example, a US$ 200m outcome bond for a cookstove project in Ghana structured by the World Bank)87—the developer bears delivery risk while the buyer secures price certainty and contractual priority on credit volumes; • Strategic corporate investments where buyers needing credits also provide equity into project special purpose vehicles locking in long-term supply and prices—the buyer shares full project risk as a co-owner but gains the highest assurance of credit supply and quality through direct oversight; • Credit facilities structured as commercial project finance investments backed by long-term offtake agreements (for example, Chestnut Carbon's US$ 210m credit facility with Microsoft as offtaker) 88 —the lender bears credit risk mitigated by the offtake contract, while the buyer gains delivery assurance through legally binding, long-term purchase agreements; and• Carbon funds that provide equity investments and / or direct project finance to project developers and a portfolio of projects (for example, IFC-Proparco-DEG US$ 560m investment in AXA IM Alts' Natural Capital and Impact Investments strategy)89 —risk is diversified across a portfolio of projects, with fund managers providing quality oversight and due diligence on behalf of investors and buyers. All these financing models focus on providing upfront capital to developers while giving buyers higher assurance of delivery and quality. The differentiating factors between these models lie in who provides the capital (corporates, banks, or pooled funds), what form it takes (prepaid offtake, equity, or debt), and how performance, volume, and price risk are allocated between developers, buyers, and financiers. ..PAGE:45 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 41 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 Buyers across market segments are increasingly leveraging tools like integrity labels and carbon credit ratings to filter projects based on quality criteria. The emergence of labels that provide a high-level binary assessment of standards and methodologies such as the Core Carbon Principles (CCPs) of the Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM), and project-level risk assessment tools such as third-party ratings, means that carbon credit buyers are potentially coalescing around a set of recognized quality benchmarks. Quality labels and ratings are increasingly a core element of buyer due diligence, helping to standardize expectations of what constitutes a high-quality credit and this is driving clearer market differentiation (see Section 3.4 for more detail on price differentiation). Beyond corporate buyers in voluntary markets, sovereign buyers such as Singapore are also beginning to reference CCPs in their procurement strategies,90 while buyers participating in CORSIA must already consider CORSIA eligibility and criteria. Together, these developments could suggest the beginning of a trend toward reinforcing growing demand for projects with higher perceived quality and enhancing their fungibility across use cases. If this were to continue, compliance and voluntary demand could increasingly converge and compete for the same pool of credits. Risk allocation within carbon market transactions is also becoming more sophisticated through insurance and guarantees. While the use of these instruments remains nascent, demand for them is growing with independent mechanisms like Verra and Gold Standard mandating their purchase for projects that seek to be eligible to sell to the CORSIA mechanism (unless the project demonstrates that the host country has already applied a corresponding adjustment).91 Under CORSIA, all credits that are traded need to be accompanied by a commitment from the host country to avoid double counting by applying a corresponding adjustment. To mitigate the various risks that could prevent the delivery of these correspondingly adjusted credits (political risks, revocation of authorization), project developers are required to secure appropriate insurance coverage. Beyond project developers, buyers and investors are also increasingly leveraging these instruments for carbon market transactions in Article 6 markets. 3.3  Carbon credit issuances grew slightly in 2025, driven by governmental mechanisms, with a future pipeline of credits to be issued through PACM A total of 432 million credits were issued across crediting mechanisms in 2025 (Figure 13). This represents slight growth of eight percent from 2024, but issuances remain nearly 23 percent below issuance levels seen in 2022. Nevertheless, viewed over the course of the past decade, the volume of credits issued across crediting mechanisms has grown by around 85 percent. Issuances from independent crediting mechanisms, currently the largest category of crediting mechanisms by issuance, decreased in 2025 by around four percent to 306 million credits. Issuances from governmental mechanisms rose by nearly 40 percent to 53 million credits in 2025.92 The Australian Carbon Credit Unit (ACCU) scheme, for example, experienced a 15 percent rise in issuances from 2024 levels to reach nearly 22 million credits. Internationally, emission reduction units generated under World Bank programs increased nearly 70 percent from 25 million credits in 2024 to reach 73 million credits in 2025.93 The PACM has approved the first issuance of credits under the UNFCCC-administered mechanism in March 2026. 135 existing CDM projects seeking to transition to PACM have also received approval from host countries, paving the way for more issuances through the mechanism in 2026. ..PAGE:46 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 42 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 FIGURE 13 Total carbon credit issuances, 2021–2025, million tCO2e Source: AlliedOffsets and World Bank data Issuances rose for land use and industrial pollutant projects but declined significantly for renewable energy (Figure 14), potentially due to concerns about credit quality. Industrial pollutants and forestry and land-use credits saw issuance grow by 24 percent and 36 percent from 2024 to 2025, respectively. However, renewable energy projects experienced a year-on-year decline of around 38 percent. This could potentially be attributable to a corresponding decline in retirements of these projects in recent years, as well as ICVCM's rejection of several renewable energy methodologies. It may also reflect broader concerns about the additionality of projects where renewable energy has become cost competitive, along with restrictions placed on new projects by independent crediting mechanisms. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 2016 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 * Data reflects original issuances only. Gold Standard Impact Registry 81 Carbon Assets Tracking System (CATS) 73 ACR 50 BioCarbon Standard 25 Australian Carbon Credit Unit Scheme (ACCU) 22 Architecture for REDD+ Transactions 18 Climate Action Reserve 25 Verra 76 Other 63 Million tCO 2e -23% +8% 239 537 559 478 399 433 GovernmentalIndependent*Mechanism category: International Combination 2025 issuances by crediting mechanism, Million tCO2eCarbon credit issuances, 2016 and 2021-2025 ..PAGE:47 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 43 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 FIGURE 14 Independent crediting mechanism carbon credit issuances by project type 2024–2025, million tCO2e Source: AlliedOffsets data Market approaches under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement are moving from design to implementation. At COP29, countries formally concluded negotiations on Article 6, and therefore the priorities at COP30 were to establish rules, market infrastructure and governance (Box 5). Article 6.2 witnessed a growing pipeline of agreements, either through a memorandum of understanding (MoU) or bilateral agreement,94 where countries intend to trade ITMOs to help meet their NDCs. The total now stands at 108 agreements, with 22 additional bilateral agreements or MoUs signed since April 1, 2025.95 The buyer countries with the highest number of agreements in place are Japan (31, conducted through its Joint Crediting Mechanism or JCM), Singapore (28), Switzerland (20), and the Republic of Korea (11).96 The list of newly signed agreements also includes a first-of-its kind deal between Switzerland and Norway for trading engineered carbon removals.97 However, the number of successful ITMOs transacted remains limited. To date, the instances of ITMO units transferred includes Switzerland's cooperations with Thailand in 2024, and Ghana in 2025, and two transfers under Japan's JCM for projects hosted in Maldives and Thailand in 2025. Looking ahead, Singapore recently completed two requests for proposals that led to procurement of around 2.2 million tCO2e from projects in Ghana, Peru and Paraguay, with the actual transfer of contracted ITMOs to take place between 2026 and 2030 (Figure 15).98 The slow transition from Article 6.2 agreements to completed transfers could have several reasons. For instance, many host countries are still assessing the implications to their NDCs of undertaking corresponding adjustments for credits under existing or prospective bilateral agreements; furthermore, several project activities are still in the design and early development phase and will only generate transferable units as operations commence. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Million tCO 2e 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 Renewable energy Chemical processes andIndustrial manufacturing Forestry and land use Household devices Agriculture Other -38% +24% +36% -14% +28% +3% ..PAGE:48 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 44 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 FIGURE 15 Bilateral Agreements (BAs) and memorandums of understanding (MoUs) under Article 6.2, as of April 1, 2026 Source: UNEP Article 6 Pipeline data In addition to bilateral agreements, host countries are unilaterally authorizing carbon credit projects from independent crediting mechanisms for international transfer. Historically, credits generated from independent crediting mechanisms served voluntary buyers. However, through Article 6, there is a pathway for projects to generate ITMOs authorized by host governments from these independent mechanisms. These credits could be used for a range of purposes, including: • CORSIA: authorized for use for Other International Mitigation Purposes (OIMP). Currently, OIMP encompasses use by aircraft operators under ICAO's CORSIA scheme, with a corresponding adjustment applied by the host country on first transfer; • NDC: authorized toward the acquiring party 's NDC, with corresponding adjustments applied by both transferring and acquiring parties; and• Other Purposes: authorized for additional uses determined by the first transferring Party, including voluntary carbon market or other compliance use. Of 108 BA/MoUs, to date only 4 projects have issued and transacted ITMOs, with no issuances since 2024 Host Buyer Project type Issuances (ktCO 2 e) 1 Thailand Switzerland Transport 1.9 2 Ghana Switzerland Cokstoves 1 3 Maldives Japan (JCM) Energy 0.43 Thailand Japan (JCM) Energy 14 Signed as of April 1: 202620252024 and earlier BAs/MoUs signed +22 MoUs OtherBilateral Agreements Note: Bilateral Agreements and MoUs arranged in order of signing date. Includes MoUs under Japan's Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) ..PAGE:49 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 45 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 !igure Unilateral authorizations under Article 6.2 by host country and approval stage, as of April 1, 2026 1 Credits in this stage will become eligible for Article 6.2 (NDC or CORSIA compliance, and other purposes) once a corresponding adjustment is issued Million tCO 2e 0 5 10 15 20 25 TotalsUse cases 5.4 million 2,806 25 million 13 million G uya na Rw anda C am bo dia M alaw i Laos M ada gascar Sie ra Leone Zim ba bw e Togo Benin G am bia Tanzania M oroco 2,806 667 CORSIA, NDC and other purposes CORSIA and NDC CORSIA and other purposes CORSIA only ..PAGE:50 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 46 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 BOX 5 Developments on Article 6 at COP 30 The decisions at COP 29 provided clarification on Article 6, and therefore discussions at COP 30 focused on progressing rules on governance rather than reopening previous decisions. Below is a summary of key decisions reached on Article 6.2 and Article 6.4. Article 6.2 • Article 6.2 reporting: Under Article 6.2 guidance, an “initial report” is a formal UNFCCC reporting instrument that a Party must submit once it is about to engage in cooperative approaches and transfer ITMOs; it demonstrates that participation requirements are met, explains how the NDC is quantified, and describes the accounting approach and tracking infrastructure for ITMOs.• Review of initial reports: At COP30, the first wave of these Article 6.2 initial reports from early-mover countries was subjected to Article 6 Technical Expert Review (A6 TER). Review teams found recurrent inconsistencies in explaining how ITMOs are linked to NDC targets, how authorizations relate to national registries, and how participation would minimize negative environmental, social and economic impacts and support adaptation finance.• Recommendations from expert reviewers: COP30 decisions urged review teams to spell out identified inconsistencies and set out concrete recommendations more clearly in their reports, and the secretariat was asked to organize an informal, nonpunitive dialogue at a future SB session to synthesize recurring issues and lessons learned for Parties. PACM (Article 6.4) • Term limits for SB members: Some Parties pushed to remove or relax term limits for members of the Article 6.4 Supervisory Body (SB), arguing continuity was needed as PACM moves into implementation. The final Article 6.4 decision did not remove term limits; proposals to allow members to serve more than two consecutive terms were effectively rejected, signaling that rotation and independence of SB members remain a priority for governance and environmental integrity.• Role of nature-based carbon in PACM: COP30 decisions confirmed removals as eligible under PACM, covering both land-based (for example afforestation, soil carbon) and engineered removals, but with implementation conditional on robust methodologies and the adopted nonpermanence (reversal) standard. • CDM funds transferred: COP30 confirmed the effective winding-down of the Clean Development Mechanism and agreed to a loan of about US$ 26.8 million from the CDM Trust Fund to the Article 6.4 Mechanism Trust Fund. ..PAGE:51 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 47 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 Momentum around PACM strengthened in 2025 as the Supervisory Body advanced essential rules and approved its first crediting methodology. The PACM is a centralized mechanism and in 2025, the Supervisory Body continued to lay groundwork for its operationalization by publishing more details on key rules and tools such as additionality, baselines, and leakage. This also includes the first methodology that was approved to generate new credits under PACM for projects reducing methane emissions from landfills. In 2026, additional methodologies are expected to be approved that, in conjunction with the finalization of a PACM registry, could mobilize a pipeline of new projects. The Methodological Expert Panel of PACM is reviewing five new methodologies for approval— low-carbon ammonia production, fertilizer production with renewable-based ammonia, N2O abatement from nitric acid production, Comprehensive Lowered Emissions Assessment and Reporting methodology for clean cooking transitions, and Savanna Fire Management.100 The Panel is also progressing work to refine CDM methodologies for use in PACM. Proposed revisions to methodologies for grid-connected renewables (only greenfield power plants) and N2O abatement from nitric acid production have been published for public consultation while the Panel continues to work on updates to methodologies on clean cooking, and thermal applications of nonrenewable biomass.101 These methodologies were prioritized based on the volume of mitigation activities proposed for transition from CDM to PACM,102 as well as new projects proposed for registration under PACM through prior consideration notifications (Figure 17). The first credits have been issued under PACM, with potentially more to come, predominantly from projects transitioning from CDM (Figure 17). A total of 1,647 CDM projects have requested transition to PACM, of which 135 projects have been approved by the respective host Parties (countries). A clean cookstove Programme of Activities project in Myanmar was the first to officially transition from CDM to PACM.103 This project is provisionally seeking to issue about 648,783 tCO2e of PACM credits for the crediting period between 2021 and 2022. In addition, 1,137 new projects (not previously certified by the CDM) across 97 host countries have submitted prior consideration notices to PACM's supervisory body. However, the methodologies these projects intend to apply must first be approved by PACM before the projects can be registered. ..PAGE:52 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 48 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 FIGURE 17 Count of projects in the PACM pipeline, by host country Source: AlliedOffsets data 54 Other 17 South Africa 11 Kenya7 Pakistan 7 Philipines Requesting transition 1. Existing CDM projects transitioning to PACM Projects require methodological approval from the PACM Supervisory Body before being approved under PACM 28 Chile 11 Indonesia 135 projects 527 460 96 37 19 329 China India Brazil 44 Viet Nam Chile Thailand Other 1 , 512 projects 654 India 62Brazil 25 Nigeria 25 Kenya 19 Zambia 22 Pakistan 330 Other Approved Prior consideration notices (PCN) 2. New projects requesting PACM approval 1 ,1 37 projects ..PAGE:53 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 49 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 3.4  Carbon credit prices declined slightly across 2025, but individual projects that are CORSIA-eligible or highly-rated continue to generate a price premium Carbon credit prices during 2025 varied depending on project type and geographical region (Figure 18). Nature-based removal credits from projects such as afforestation, reforestation and revegetation continue to attract the highest prices at an average of US$14/ tCO2e.104 Renewable energy, household devices and industrial pollutant projects, which collectively make up over half of 2025 credit issuances, represent the lower end of the carbon price spectrum, trading on average at US$ 1-3/tCO2e. Conversely, nature-based avoidance projects (for example REDD+), specifically in Southeast Asia, experienced a sharp rebound in prices from US$ 6/tCO2e in July 2025 to nearly US$ 12/tCO2e in April 2026. This could potentially be attributed to constrained supply of credits from countries such as Indonesia, which until October 2025 had suspended exports of credits from avoided deforestation projects.105,106 As a comparison, nature-based avoidance credits in South America grew marginally over the same period, from US$ 6/tCO2e to US$ 7/tCO2e. FIGURE 18 Carbon credit prices by project type January 1, 2025 – April 1, 2026 in US$/tCO2e Source: Platts, S&P Global Energy, ©2026 by S&P Global Inc. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 US$/tCO 2e Project types Nature-based avoidance (SE Asia) Nature-based avoidance (S. America) Nature-based removals Renewable energy Household devices Industrial pollutants (HFC reclamation) 2026 Jan Fe b Mar AprJan Fe b Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2025 ..PAGE:54 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 50 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 Prices reported for offtake purchases exceed spot market levels, reflecting a higher share of nature-based and engineered carbon removals. As mentioned in Section 3.2, offtake agreements between buyers and project developers are increasing, particularly for carbon removal projects. The prices embedded in these offtake agreements far exceed prices in the broader carbon credit market. Projects such as direct air capture and enhanced rock weathering continue to attract average prices of US$ 400-600/tCO2e.107 Biochar and bioengineering with carbon capture and storage projects, which comprise the largest share of offtake agreements, are priced at US$ 100-300/tCO2e, trading much closer to corresponding spot market prices. Biochar projects outside of North America are becoming more price competitive, however. Data from S&P Global Energy suggests that prices for biochar projects in India are lower than projects based in the United States, which has historically developed the majority of registered biochar project under carbon removal standards such as Puro.earth.108,109 CORSIA-eligible credits continue to attract higher prices relative to those that have only met preliminary eligibility criteria (Figure 19). Credits for projects that met all eligibility criteria for CORSIA declined slightly during 2025, from US$ 22/tCO2e in September 2025 to below US$ 15/tCO2e in April 2026. These projects have become fully eligible to supply to CORSIA by completing all steps including: i) using an approved standard and methodology; and ii) receiving either a corresponding adjustment or a letter of authorization and insurance, where required. These credits also meet the requirement to be of 2021 “vintage” or later. Prices for these projects continue to exceed assessed prices for projects that are partially eligible (that is, have met at least one but not both conditions listed above while pursuing achieving the remaining criteria). The price differential between these projects and CORSIA-eligible projects averaged US$ 4-6/tCO2e until February 2026, after which the price gap narrowed to approximately US$ 1.50-3/tCO2e as CORSIA-eligible credit prices declined. FIGURE 19 Carbon credit prices for CORSIA-approved and potentially CORSIA-eligible projects, September 2025–April 1, 2026 in US$/tCO2e Source: Platts, S&P Global Energy, ©2026 by S&P Global Inc. US$/tCO 2e 14 12 16 18 20 2 24 CORSIA-eligible credits (CEC) CORSIA eligibility Potential CORSIA eligiblecredits (pre-CEC) Nov 2025 2026 Dec Jan Fe b Mar ..PAGE:55 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2AnnexesEndnotesChapter 3 51 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 Carbon credit quality labels and carbon credit rating agencies are reporting that carbon credit prices are also becoming more differentiated based on how projects are assessed. ICVCM, which assesses carbon credits at the level of ratings, estimates that credits with a Core Carbon Principles (CCP) label attract an average price premium of 25 percent compared to credits without the label.110 Although more data is needed to draw a definitive conclusion, this suggests that buyers are responding to efforts establishing a minimum quality benchmark across methodologies. In addition to CCP, there is increased evidence of correlation between carbon credit ratings from third-party service providers and carbon credit prices, particularly within project types. Data from carbon credit rating provider Sylvera suggests a consistent premium in credit prices for nature-based projects with a higher rating, including afforestation, reforestation and revegetation (ARR), improved forest management (IFM) and reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD+). For example, Sylvera notes that the median price for a ≥ BBB (higher-rated credits) ARR project is close to US$ 30/tCO2e, much higher than that of ≤ BB ARR projects (US$ 8.70/tCO2e) and unrated ARR projects (US$ 6.30/tCO2e).111 Similarly, BeZero Carbon estimates that, for ARR projects, each notch on its rating scale is associated with an average credit price increase of 87 percent. BeZero also find that such ratings-based premia exist for other project types such as REDD+ (46 percent), Improved Forest Management (16 percent), Renewable Energy (nine percent) and Household Devices (five percent).112 ..PAGE:56 Annexe s ..PAGE:57 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3EndnotesAnnexes 53 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 Annex A: Definitions Carbon pricing Carbon pricing seeks to align the costs of consuming carbon-intensive fuels or using carbon-intensive processes with the social costs of those activities. If well designed, and sufficiently ambitious, carbon pricing creates economic incentives to shift investments, production, and consumption toward low-carbon alternatives, drives clean technological innovation, and reduces the need for additional public spending. Carbon pricing can help raise revenues in a more efficient and less distortive way than alternative options, while delivering numerous benefits to society beyond climate mitigation. Carbon pricing is an important policy tool that can be used as part of a comprehensive policy package to decarbonize economies. Direct carbon pricing Direct carbon pricing is implemented to reduce GHG emissions by providing a price signal closely linked to actual emissions. Direct carbon pricing instruments are categorized as “compliance” instruments or “carbon crediting” mechanisms. Under compliance instruments (such as emissions trading systems [ETSs] or carbon taxes), covered entities are obligated to pay for the emissions from covered activities. Participation in carbon crediting on the other hand is voluntary, with participants earning credits in recognition of quantified and verified emissions reductions or removals. Indirect carbon pricing Indirect carbon pricing refers to instruments that change the price of products associated with carbon emissions in ways that may or may not be directly proportional to the relative emissions associated with those products. These instruments provide a carbon price signal, even though they are often (primarily) adopted for other socioeconomic objectives, such as raising public revenues or addressing air pollution. Examples of indirect carbon pricing include fuel excise taxes (proportional) and commodity taxes (not necessarily proportional), as well as fossil fuel subsidies affecting energy consumers. For example, fuel excise taxes apply a tax to the volume of fuels, such as gasoline and diesel (for example, dollars per liter), which indirectly places a price on the carbon emissions from the combustion of those fuels. However, the price is not determined relative to the emissions resulting from the combustion of those fuels. Conversely, fuel subsidies that reduce the price of fossil fuels create a “negative” indirect carbon price signal, which incentivizes higher consumption and therefore increases carbon emissions. While carbon pricing policies can be categorized as direct or indirect, in practice, the distinction is not always obvious. The most economically efficient carbon pricing policy would apply an equivalent incentive to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across all sectors and fuels. Indirect carbon pricing policies still create a price signal that applies to fossil fuels or products, but they are not designed to apply a consistent price across emissions from different GHGs (for example, the price is not linked to actual GHG emissions or the carbon content of fuels). ETSs, carbon taxes, and carbon crediting are direct carbon pricing policies, but in reality, all examples of these policies currently in operation differ across sectors, fuels, activities, and/or gases. As a result, the distinction between direct and indirect carbon prices is in practice somewhat flexible, and carbon pricing policies sit on a spectrum from direct to indirect. ..PAGE:58 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3EndnotesAnnexes 54 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 TERM CATEGORY TERM DEFINITIONS Carbon pricing instruments Emissions trading system (ETS) In an ETS, the government places a limit on the amount of GHG emissions from covered entities. Entities must surrender emission units (or “allowances”) to cover their emissions within a compliance period. Each emission unit represents the right to emit a certain volume of emissions (typically 1 ton of carbon dioxide equivalent [tCO2e]) and can be traded between covered entities or sometimes with other traders. There are several different types of ETSs, including “cap-and-trade” and “rate-based” approaches, and different terms are used for the emission units within different systems. The carbon price in these systems is usually a function of supply and demand for emission units. Carbon tax Through a carbon tax a government levies a fee on covered entities for their GHG emissions, providing a financial incentive to reduce emissions. Under a carbon tax, the government sets the price of emissions (the tax rate). The resulting volume of emissions reductions achieved by the policy is determined by the response of the emitting entities to the set price. Carbon crediting mechanism Under a carbon crediting mechanism, tradable credits (each representing 1 tCO2e) are generated through voluntary mitigation activities that avoid emissions (preventing GHGs from being released, such as capturing methane from landfills) or remove them (extracting GHG from the atmosphere, for instance through afforestation that sequesters carbon). These credits are issued following established protocols designed to ensure that each credit corresponds to a real and measurable reduction or removal. Once issued, carbon credits can be sold, creating a source of revenue for the project. While carbon crediting mechanisms create a source of supply, they rely on a separate source of demand for credits in order to deliver a financial incentive to reduce emissions. Demand for credits can come from compliance instruments (for example, businesses regulated under an ETS or a carbon tax that allows the use of offsets), countries meeting nationally determined contribution targets under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), or voluntary offsetting. Types of carbon crediting mechanisms International crediting mechanism Mechanisms managed or administered by an international organization, including those established with authority of national governments, such as UN agencies. This category includes the Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism. Independent crediting mechanism Mechanisms administered by a nongovernmental organization, such as Verra and Gold Standard. Governmental crediting mechanism Mechanisms administered by one or more governments, such as the California Compliance Offset Program and the Australian Carbon Credit Unit Scheme. ..PAGE:59 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3EndnotesAnnexes 55 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 TERM CATEGORY TERM DEFINITIONS Status Under consideration A government has announced its intention to work toward the implementation of a carbon pricing instrument and this has been formally confirmed by official sources. Under development A government is actively working toward the implementation of a specific carbon pricing instrument (for example, a mandate may have been established, but regulated entities do not yet face compliance obligations, or no credits have been issued) and this has been formally confirmed by official government sources. Implemented The instrument is in full operation. For a compliance instrument, the carbon pricing instrument has been formally adopted through legislation and compliance obligations are in force and enforced. For crediting, credits have been issued (or have frameworks in place to allow credits to be used domestically) and activities are ongoing. Greenhouse gases CO2 Carbon dioxide CH4 Methane N2O Nitrous oxide PFCs Perfluorocarbons HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons SF6 Sulfur hexafluoride Other Other GHGs or substances that are not regulated under the UNFCCC, for example black carbon or nitrogen oxides. ..PAGE:60 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3EndnotesAnnexes 56 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 TERM CATEGORY TERM DEFINITIONS Sectoral coverage statusCovered Point-source emissions from this sector are generally subject to compliance obligations (even if the regulation may apply to entities upstream or downstream from the emissions point source) or eligible for crediting. Some emissions from the sector may not be eligible or covered, for example if there are exemptions or exclusions for a particular GHG. Covered in principle Some point-source emissions from this sector are covered, but in practice the share of emissions covered is very low. The low coverage rate is usually due to nonsector-specific exclusions such as certain fuels or gases being exempt, most entities in the sector falling below relevant thresholds for participation, or most entities already being covered by another initiative. Not covered No point-source emissions from the sector are covered. Sectors covered by a compliance carbon pricing instrument Electricity and heat Emissions resulting from fuels burned in facilities primarily producing electricity or heat for shared use. Industry Emissions produced by industrial facilities including manufacturing, metal production, fertilizer production. Includes emissions from fuel used for energy in these facilities as well as emissions from industrial processes. Mining and extractives Emissions from mines, rigs, and fuel processing. Includes emissions from fuel used for energy in these facilities as well as fugitive emissions. Transport Emissions resulting from fuels burned for energy in the service of moving people or goods (for example, road, rail) except for aviation. Aviation Emissions resulting from fuels burned in the aviation sector. Buildings Emissions resulting from fuels burned for energy in residential, commercial, and public sector buildings. Agriculture, forestry, and fishing fuel use Emissions resulting from fuels burned for energy in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing sectors. ..PAGE:61 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3EndnotesAnnexes 57 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 TERM CATEGORY TERM DEFINITIONS Agricultural emissions Emissions resulting from agricultural processes like livestock and fertilizer use. Excludes fuel use and land-use, land-use change and forestry. Waste Emissions resulting from waste management facilities including incineration of waste, methane or CO2 produced from landfills, etc. Excludes fuel use. Land-use, land-use change, and forestry Emissions (or removals) resulting from changes to carbon sinks in plants and soils. Coverage threshold Some initiatives set a threshold above which entities must, or can, join a compliance carbon pricing instruments. There are many different ways of expressing these thresholds—many use an emissions threshold (for example, installations with emissions above 25,000 tCO2e). Point of regulation Point source The point source is where the GHGs are physically released into the atmosphere (for example, at the installation combusting fuel). Regulation at the point source is where the compliance obligation is imposed on the entities that release the covered emissions into the atmosphere. Upstream The compliance obligation is imposed at a point in the supply chain before the point source of emissions entering the atmosphere. For example, in relation to emissions from fuel combustion, upstream coverage could be at the point at which the fuel is first commercialized by extractors, refiners, or importers, or at point of sale to the final consumer. Downstream Obligations apply at a point in the supply chain after the point source of emissions. This could include entities being liable for the emissions associated with the electricity they use. These entities are downstream from the point source of emissions (which would occur at a power station). ..PAGE:62 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3EndnotesAnnexes 58 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 TERM CATEGORY TERM DEFINITIONS Credit project categories under crediting mechanisms Agriculture Reducing emissions from any activities in the agricultural sector. CCS/CCU Removals achieved through carbon capture and storage or carbon capture and utilization. Energy efficiency/ Fuel switching Avoiding emissions from the participant's energy use through either reducing the amount of energy the participant consumes or switching to a less emissions-intensive energy source. Forestry and land use Increasing the volume of emissions removed from the atmosphere or avoiding emissions being released through changes to terrestrial sinks. Fugitive emissions Avoiding the release (intentional or unintentional) of GHGs during the extraction, processing, transformation, and delivery of fossil fuels to the point of final use. Chemical process/ Industrial manufacturing Avoiding emissions produced by industrial facilities including manufacturing, metal production, fertilizer production. Includes emissions from fuel used for energy in these facilities as well as emissions from industrial processes. Renewable energy Emissions avoided by integrating renewable energy into the energy supply in the place of fossil fuel power. Transport Reduction of emissions resulting from fuels burned for energy in the service of moving people or goods (for example, road, rail), including for aviation. ..PAGE:63 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3EndnotesAnnexes 59 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 TERM CATEGORY TERM DEFINITIONS Issuance typeOriginal issuance Issuances of credits that reflect the first time a credit has been issued for a specific emission reduction/removal activity. Original issuances do not rely on any previous issuances from other crediting mechanisms. Nonoriginal issuance Issuances of credits that are connected to previous issuances from another crediting mechanism. Nonoriginal issuances can either be issued via “direct” or “adjusted” conversions. Direct conversions are issuances that are converted 1-1 from another crediting mechanism. Adjusted conversions are issuances that are converted from another crediting mechanism but in accordance with own standards (issuances volumes might be changed). Overlap Overlap can occur as a record of eligible credits as a result of the conversion of a credit from one program to another— meaning the original credit representing the specific emission reduction has been cancelled or retired in the original mechanism's registry in order for the subsequent credit to be issued. Country income group The World Bank classifies economies for analytical purposes into four income groups: low, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high income. For this purpose it uses gross national income per capita data in USD, converted from local currency using the World Bank Atlas method, which is applied to smooth exchange rate fluctuations. More information on country classification can be found on the Knowledge Base, available on the World Bank website: https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org / knowledgebase/articles/906519 ..PAGE:64 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3EndnotesAnnexes 60 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 Annex B: Methodologies and Sources • Sources and timelines: The State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 report draws on a range of sources, including official reporting (that is, government budget documents), related legislation that underpins the carbon pricing initiative, statements from governments and public authorities, and information provided by jurisdictions. Data and updates in the report represent the situation as of April 1, 2026, unless stated otherwise.• Emissions: For countries, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data for the most recent year (2024), as well as GHG emissions data from previous years, is sourced from the EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG Database (2025),113 where available, to promote consistency across jurisdictions. The EDGAR dataset aggregates emissions data for certain countries, including France and Monaco; Montenegro and Serbia; Spain and Andorra; and Switzerland and Liechtenstein. In these cases, the GHG emissions estimate for each country was determined based on the relative emissions of each country in the most recent GHG emissions inventory reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change or also with respective emissions of the PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (v2.7).114 For subnational jurisdictions, GHG emissions data is based on the following: - GHG emissions values for Canadian provinces and territories are taken from Canada's latest national inventory.115 - GHG emissions values for US states are based on official subnational GHG inventory reports of each of the respective states, available from the US Environmental Protection Agency Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data Explorer.116 - GHG emissions values for Mexican states are based on official state GHG inventory data, where available. To ensure a complete time series, known annual emission values from official state-level GHG inventories are extrapolated based on the correlation of each state's GHG emissions with national GHG emissions data (as sourced through EDGAR). In the absence of specific GHG emissions inventory data for Zacatecas, state emissions were estimated based on the relationship between Zacatecas' and the national GDP across all years. - GHG emissions values for China subnational jurisdictions are based on the Carbon Emissions Accounts and Datasets (https://www.ceads.net/data/province/). This data was supplemented with additional information provided by ICAP. Values are presented in gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions aggregated using Global Warming Potential values from IPCC AR5 (GWP-100 AR5). Consistent with decision 6/CP.27, parties transitioned to the AR5 GWP values in their national inventory reports by December 31, 2024.• Coverage: The proportion of global GHG emissions covered by a direct carbon price is calculated based on direct carbon pricing instruments that are “implemented.” The estimate of emissions coverage for each carbon pricing instrument is based wherever possible on official government sources and considers the scope (sectors, fuels, and/or gases) of policies but does not necessarily factor in all exemptions and/or free allocations. A bottom-up approach is used to calculate emissions coverage by economic sector based on data provided by governments on the point of coverage (upstream or point source), overlaps with other policies, and coverage thresholds (the level of emissions, fuel use, or power generation above which the carbon price applies). Each jurisdiction's total GHG emissions from national greenhouse gas inventory sectors (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] 2006 Guidelines)117 is mapped to a set of 24 detailed economic sectors (Table B.1), while also removing GHG emissions that are specifically excluded from or not covered by the carbon pricing policy and adjusting for coverage thresholds. The bottom-up estimates are reconciled with the economy-wide coverage data provided by governments and overlap between instruments (where applicable) is removed to avoid double counting. ..PAGE:65 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3EndnotesAnnexes 61 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 TABLE B.1 Mapping of economic sectors and IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories emissions codes DETAILED LIST OF ECONOMIC SUBSECTORS IPCC 2006 INVENTORY CODE(S) AGGREGATED LIST OF ECONOMIC SECTORS 1. Electricity and Heat Combustion 1.A.1.a Power 2. Manufacturing Combustion 1.A.2 apportioned between 2. Manufacturing Combustion, 3. Metal production Combustion, 4. Mining Combustion and 6. Construction Combustion using International Energy Agency (IEA) Energy End-uses and Efficiencies database Industry 3. Metal production Combustion Industry 4. Mining (excluding fuels) Combustion Mining and extractives 5. Fuel extraction and production Combustion 1.A.1.b, 1.A.1.c, 5B Mining and extractives 6. Construction Combustion see entry for 2. Manufacturing Combustion Industry 7. Domestic aviation Combustion 1.A.3.a Aviation 8. Road transport Combustion 1.A.3.b_noRES Transport 9. Domestic shipping Combustion 1.A.3.d Maritime 10. Pipeline Combustion 1.A.3.e Transport 11. Rail Combustion 1.A.3.c Transport 12. Residential Combustion 1.A.4 apportioned using IEA Energy End-uses and Efficiencies database Buildings 13. Services Combustion Buildings 14. Agriculture, forestry and fishing Combustion Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use ..PAGE:66 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3EndnotesAnnexes 62 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 DETAILED LIST OF ECONOMIC SUBSECTORS IPCC 2006 INVENTORY CODE(S) AGGREGATED LIST OF ECONOMIC SECTORS 15. Other Combustion 1.A.5 Transport 16. Manufacturing Non-combustion 2.A.1, 2.A.2, 2.A.3, 2.A.4, 2.B, 2.D, 2.E, 2.F, 2.G Industry 17. Metal production Non-combustion 2 .C Industry 18. Fuel extraction and production Non-combustion 1.B.1, 1.B.2 Mining and extractives 19. Agricultural emissions Non-combustion Section 3 and 5 A Agricultural emissions 20. Waste and wastewater Non-combustion Section 4 Waste 21. Forestry and land use Non-combustion 3B and 3D* LULUCF 22. International aviation Combustion 1A3ai Aviation 23. International shipping Combustion 1A3di Maritime 24. Other extra-territorial emissions N/A** Not included Note: *Forestry and land use non-combustion emissions were not included in the EDGAR data or global totals at this stage. The only carbon pricing instruments covering forestry and land use at this time is the New Zealand ETS. ** Other extra-territorial emissions were not included in the EDGAR data or global totals at this stage. These emissions will be tracked in future as jurisdictions start broadening the scope of their carbon pricing instruments to cover these emissions. ..PAGE:67 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3EndnotesAnnexes 63 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 • Indicative estimates of the potential GHG emissions covered by carbon pricing instruments under development (Figure 2) All emissions data are based on GHG emissions from the EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG Database (2025). Assumptions are as follows: - For carbon pricing instruments under development where the expected sectoral coverage is known (such as the EU ETS 2 covering buildings and transport), the estimate of potential covered emissions is quantified using the emissions profile of those sectors; - When no expected sectoral coverage is known, it is assumed that the carbon pricing instrument under consideration or under development will cover emissions from industrial combustion, power industry and processes sectors; - The analysis assumes that 70 percent of emissions from each covered sector will be included in the carbon pricing instrument once implemented; and - To provide a conservative estimate, the analysis excludes emissions from any proposed instruments that would cover a sector that is already covered by an existing carbon pricing instrument.• Price: Carbon prices from carbon taxes and ETSs are nominal prices and are generally based on the exchange-traded or auction prices on April 1, 2026, or the most recent available. Additional price information is further clarified here: - As of the time of writing, no information on the value of allowances in the Mexico ETS is available. - China national ETS price data is the closing price on April 1, 2026, sourced from the Shanghai Environment and Energy Exchange. - China pilot ETS price data (Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Tianjin, Hubei, Chongqing, and Fujian pilots) is the closing price on April 1, 2026, sourced from the respective regional emissions exchange for each pilot. Where the April 1 closing price is not available, the closest preceding trading day is used. - Beijing Pilot ETS price is the average transaction price on March 16, 2026. - Massachusetts ETS price data is equal to the auction clearing price for 2026 vintage units from the auction held on March 18, 2026. - California cap-and-trade price data is from the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) California Carbon Allowance Vintage 2026 Futures December 2026 contract on April 1, 2026. Québec cap-and-trade price data is converted from USD to CAD based on the April 1, 2026 USD/CAD exchange rate.118 Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative price data is the weighted average of the allowance transfer transaction prices on March 31, 2026. Prices are converted from USD per short ton carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) to USD per metric ton CO2e. - UK ETS price data is the UK Allowance Daily Futures Price on April 1, 2026.119 - New Zealand ETS price is the spot price on April 1, 2026. - Korea ETS price data is the KAU26 closing price on April 1, 2026, sourced from the Korea Exchange (KRX). - Washington Cap-and-Invest price data is equal to the auction price of Tier 1 allowances from the auction held in March 4, 2026.120 Carbon prices are converted from nominal to real (2026 USD) by adjusting the observed value to the base year (2026) by way of a two-step process: (1) local currencies are converted into USD using the market exchange rate as of April 1 in the observed year (using the International Monetary Fund (IMF) exchange rates); (2) the USD historical values are then adjusted to a base year of 2026 using the average consumer price index for the United States from the IMF World Economic Outlook Database.121 • Average carbon prices: Average carbon prices are determined by multiplying each instrument's carbon price in real terms (based on average market prices or price levels submitted to the World Bank) in each year by the volume of emissions covered in the jurisdiction by that instrument, divided by the total emissions covered by the carbon pricing instrument in a given year. Norway and Poland include multiple rates but apply a single rate to the majority of emissions. For these carbon taxes the most common carbon tax rate is used. Both metrics for average carbon prices are shown in real 2026 USD. Regional and income-level data is based on World Bank classifications.• Revenue: Revenue is for the period January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2025. Adjustments are made for jurisdictions with fiscal years that do not align with ..PAGE:68 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3EndnotesAnnexes 64 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 a calendar year. For countries with fiscal year running from April to March (for example, the UK), three-quarters of the revenue from the current budget (2024-2025) and one quarter of the previous budget (2023-2024) are summed to estimate the 2025 revenue. For countries with fiscal year running from July to June (for example, Australia), half of the revenue from the current budget (2025-2026) and half of the previous budget (2024-2025) are summed to estimate the 2025 revenue. Where 2025 revenue was not available before the report was finalized, official revenue forecasts for 2025 in previous years' official budget documents were used, or revenue is estimated based on revenue collected in 2024 (for which there have been no policy changes). Revenue values are converted from nominal to real (2025 USD) by way of a two-step process: (1) observed revenue values in local currencies are converted to USD using the market exchange rates as of April 1 in the observed year (using the IMF exchange rates); (2) the USD historical revenue values are then adjusted to a base year of 2025 using the GDP deflator index for the US from the IMF World Economic Outlook Database. 122 • Exchange rate conversions: Price data are converted from national currency to USD using the IMF representative exchange rate for April 1 of the relevant year.123 Revenue data are converted from national currency to USD using IMF annual average exchange rates.124 Where exchange rates from national currency to USD are not available from the IMF, rates from the respective countries' central banks are used.• Crediting data: Carbon credit issuance, project registrations, and retirement data by project category are for the period January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2025. Data from independent and international crediting mechanisms is sourced from the applicable publicly available registries. Data from governmental crediting mechanisms were provided by governments for the following crediting mechanisms: Alberta Emission Offset Program, Australia Carbon Credit Unit Scheme, Beijing Certified Emission Reduction Mechanism, British Columbia Offset Program, California Compliance Offset Program, Colombia Crediting Mechanism, Guangdong Pu Hui Offset Crediting Mechanism, J-Credit Scheme, Joint Crediting Mechanism, Kazakhstan Crediting Mechanism, Quebec Offset Crediting Mechanism, Republic of Korea Offset Crediting Mechanism, Spain FES-CO2 Program, South Africa Crediting Mechanism, Switzerland CO2 Attestations Crediting Mechanism, Crediting Mechanism in Taiwan, China, Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program and Washington Crediting Mechanism. • Price data is provided by S&P Global Energy, covering the period from January 2025 to April 2026, unless otherwise stated. It reflects the most competitively priced credits that meet the specifications of the Platts carbon credit price assessments. More information is available in the S&P Global Energy Carbon Markets Specifications Guide. NOTE: For “S&P Global Energy Carbon Markets Specifications Guide”, please add the following hyperlink: https://www.spglobal.com/content/dam/spglobal/ci/en/documents/platts/en/our-methodology / methodology-specifications/energy-transition/carbon-markets-specifications.pdf ..PAGE:69 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotes 65 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 Endnotes 1 World Bank. 2026. Commodity Markets Outlook, April 2026. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle .net/10986/44610 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO. 2 European Commission, EU reinforces the stability and predictability of its carbon market. March 31, 2026. Available at: https://ec.europa .eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip _26_666 3 Government of Ireland, Government announces new package of fuel supports. April 12, 2026. Available at: https://www.gov.ie/en/department -of-the-taoiseach/press-releases/government -announces-new-package-of-fuel-supports/ 4 Forest Trends' Ecosystem Marketplace. 2025. State of the Voluntary Carbon Market 2025. Washington DC: Forest Trends Association. Available at: https://www .ecosystemmarketplace.com/publications/2025 -state-of-the-voluntary-carbon-market-sovcm/ 5 MSCI Carbon Markets (November 2024), Investment Trends and Outcomes in the Global Carbon Credit Market, Available at: https://www.msci.com/research-and-insights/paper / investment-trends-and- outcomes-in-the -global-carbon-credit-market-2024 6 Forest Trends' Ecosystem Marketplace. 2025. State of the Voluntary Carbon Market 2025. Washington DC: Forest Trends Association. Available at: https://www .ecosystemmarketplace.com/publications/2025 -state-of-the-voluntary-carbon-market-sovcm/ 7 AlliedOffsets. Voluntary Carbon Market 2025 Review. Available at: https://alliedoffsets.com / reports/ 8 IISD-OECD, Fossil Fuel Subsidy Tracker. Available at: https://fossilfuelsubsidytracker.org/ 9 India's CCTS is designed as an emissions intensity baseline-and-credit system in which baselines will be tightened over time to incentivize emissions reductions. 10 The US city of Minneapolis also introduced a carbon tax in September 2025. Additionally, Nigeria's tax on fugitive emissions for its upstream oil and gas operations, which commenced in 2021, has been added to the tally of implemented instruments 11 ETSs are under development in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, the EU (ETS2), Türkiye, and Ukraine. Carbon taxes are under development in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. 12 International Maritime Organization, https://www.imo.org/en/mediacentre/hottopics/pages / faqs-the-imo -net-zero -framework.aspx 13 OECD (2025), Effective Carbon Rates 2025: Recent Trends in Taxes on Energy Use and Carbon Pricing, OECD Series on Carbon Pricing and Energy Taxation, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/a5a5d71f-en. 14 OECD (2025), Effective Carbon Rates 2025: Recent Trends in Taxes on Energy Use and Carbon Pricing, OECD Series on Carbon Pricing and Energy Taxation, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/a5a5d71f-en. 15 Note: This map only considers direct carbon pricing, not indirect carbon pricing such as fossil fuel taxes. 16 International Carbon Action Partnership (ICAP), Emissions Trading Worldwide: Status Report 2026. Available at: https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/publications/emissions-trading -worldwide-icap-status-report-2026 17 Analysis conducted using data from California Air Resources Board Greenhouse gas Emission Inventory Program. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/mrr -data 18 European Commission, EU Emissions Trading System sustains downward trend in covered emissions. April 10, 2026. Available at: https://climate.ec.europa.eu/news -other-reads/news/eu-emissions-trading -system-sustains-downward-trend-covered -emissions-2026-04-10_en 19 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (2025), What to expect from the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism? Available at: https://www.oecd.org/content / dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2025/03 / what-to - expect-from-the- eu- carbon-border -adjustment-mechanism_a21e9b51/719d2ff9 -en.pdf 20 However, it is important to note that a percentage of these emissions will also be ..PAGE:70 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotes 66 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 subject to a domestic carbon price in their country of origin, which is already reflected in this report's estimate of global GHG emissions covered. 21 Cement, iron and steel, aluminum, fertilizers, electricity and hydrogen. 22 For a carbon price to be considered “effectively paid”, it will need to be net of any rebates, tax exemptions or free allocation of emissions allowances. 23 See for example, European Parliament, March 19, 2026, Committee on International Trade Draft opinion on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures (COM(2025)0989 - C10-0352/2025 - 2025/0419(COD). Available at: https://www .europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/INTA -PA -786706_EN.pdf 24 Maliszewska, M.; Fischer, C.; Jung, E.; Chepeliev, M.. 2025. Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Exposure Indices Methodological Note. Prosperity Notes Series. © World Bank http://hdl.handle.net/10986/43614 License: CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO 25 Analysis conducted using the CEPII-BACI dataset. Analysis is based on BACI 2023 trade data using the HS2022 classification. Data available at: https://www.cepii.fr/DATA _DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html 26 There is a forthcoming World Bank study (Aakerfeldt et al., forthcoming) on the CBAM trade exposure index using country-specific default emission intensity released by the European Commission on December 16, 2025. World Bank CBAM Trade Exposure Index is available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en / data/interactive/2023/06/15/relative-cbam -exposure-index 27 Sankita Jayanandan, “Carbon Tax Crucial for Fair Competition amid EU Carbon Tariff, Says Deputy Minister,” The Edge Malaysia, October 24, 2024, https://theedgemalaysia.com/node/731414. 28 Government of Nigeria, Petroleum Industry Act 2021. Available at: https://pia.gov.ng/petroleum -industry-act/ 29 The subsequent analysis of Total Carbon Price (TCP) focuses on taxes and subsidies related to domestic fuel consumption, and therefore upstream carbon pricing on fuel production is not included in the country totals. 30 COP 30, Carbon Market Coalition Welcomes 18 Member Countries at COP30. Available at: https://cop30.br/en/news-about-cop30 /carbon-market-coalition-welcomes-18 -member-countries-at-cop30#:~:text=The%20Open%20Coalition%20on%20Compliance%20Carbon%20Markets,**Advance%20the%20implementation%20of%20the%20Paris%20Agreement** 31 World Trade Organization, 2024: Working together for better climate action: Carbon pricing, policy spillovers, and global climate goals. Available at: https://www.wto.org/english / res_e/publications_e/climate_action_e.htm 32 OECD. (2025). Toward interoperable carbon intensity metrics: Assessing monitoring, reporting and verification systems. In Inclusive Forum on Carbon Mitigation Approaches Papers. OECD Publishing. Available at: https://www .oecd.org/en/publications/toward-interoperable -carbon-intensity-metrics_b185bcfa-en.html 33 All prices and percentage changes in this section are in 2026 USD, unless otherwise stated. 34 Paolo Agnolucci, Carolyn Fischer, Dirk Heine, Mariza Montes de Oca Leon, Joseph Pryor, Kathleen Patroni, Stéphane Hallegatte, Measuring Total Carbon Pricing, The World Bank Research Observer, Volume 39, Issue 2, August 2024, Pages 227-258, https://doi.org/10.1093 / wbro/lkad009 35 OECD (2016), Effective Carbon Rates: Pricing CO2 through Taxes and Emissions Trading Systems, OECD Series on Carbon Pricing and Energy Taxation, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi .org/10.1787/9789264260115-en. 36 All percentage price increases listed are in nominal, local currency terms. 37 EEX EUA Primary Market Auction Report 2026. Accessed 30th March 2026. Available at: https://www.eex.com/en/market-data/market-data -hub/environmentals/eex-eua-primary-auction -spot-download 38 International Carbon Action Partnership (ICAP), Korea approves Phase 4 K-ETS allocation plan for 2026-2030. November 20, 2025. Available at: https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/news /korea ..PAGE:71 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotes 67 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 -approves-phase-4-k-ets-allocation -plan-2026 -2030 39 International Carbon Action Partnership (ICAP), Emissions Trading Worldwide: Status Report 2026. Available at: https://icapcarbonaction .com/en/publications/emissions-trading -worldwide-icap-status-report-2026 40 International Carbon Action Partnership (ICAP), https://icapcarbonaction.com/en / news/turkiye-adopts-landmark- climate-law -paving-way-national-ets#:~:text=Revenues%20from%20allowance%20sales%2C%20administrative,this%20facility%20is%20not%20specified. 41 Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Transition Finance. https://www.meti .go.jp/english/policy/energy_environment / transition_finance/index.html 42 European Parliament, Briefing: Temporary decarbonization fund. Available at: https://www .europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document / EPRS_BRI(2026)782666 43 Washington State department of Ecology, Climate Commitment Act - Auction Revenue. Available at: https://ecology.wa.gov/air-climate / climate- commitment-act/auction-revenue 44 International Carbon Action Partnership (ICAP), Emissions Trading Worldwide: Status Report 2026. Available at: https://icapcarbonaction .com/en/publications/emissions-trading -worldwide-icap-status-report-2026 45 KPMG, December 10, 2025. Green Taxes in Serbia: What you need to know. Available at: https://kpmg.com/rs/en/insights/tax -alerts/2025/12/green-taxes-in-serbia-what-do -you-need-to-know.html 46 Architecture for REDD Transactions - The REDD+ Environmental Excellence Standard. 47 World Bank Forest Carbon Partnership Facility. Available at: https://www .forestcarbonpartnership.org/fcpf-standard/ 48 The OECD is preparing a forthcoming report on the development of an international ecosystem for the verification of carbon intensity metrics, which draws on examples from existing verification systems to illustrate real-world policy options, including those from carbon credit systems. OECD (forthcoming), Developing a robust and efficient international framework for the verification of product-level carbon intensity metrics. Inclusive Forum for Carbon Mitigation Approaches, OECD Publishing. 49 India Carbon Market, 2025, Detailed Procedure for Offset Mechanism under CCTS. Available at: https://beeindia.gov.in/WriteReadData/RTF1984/RTF-PDF -dd26de202535b101_1776055896.pdf 50 Article 6 Implementation Partnership, 2026. Enhancing NDC ambition through Article 6 Mechanisms. Available at https://a6partnership .org/a6-implementation-status/enhancing-ndc -ambition-through-article-6-mechanisms Publicly available information only reveals the intention of countries to use Article 6 for enhancing ambition and meeting targets under NDC. Information on whether the country intends to engage as a buyer or seller or both is not available systematically. 51 Article 6 Implementation Partnership, 2025. Paris Agreement Article 6 Implementation Status Report. Available: https://www .iges .or .jp/en/publication _ documents/ pub/ policyreport /e n /14472 / The+Paris+Agreement +Ar ticle+6 +Implementation+Status+Repor t _DIGITAL +FINAL.pdf World Bank. 2025. Taxing and subsidizing energy in Latin America and the Caribbean: Insights from a Total Carbon Price Approach. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle .net/10986/43174 License: CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO. 52 Government of Indonesia, 2025. Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia: Number 110 of 2025 - The Implementaton of the Carbon Economic Value Instruments and National Greenhouse Gas Emission Control. 53 Government of Philippines, 2025. National Framework on Carbon Credits for the Energy Sector. Available at: https://doe.gov.ph / articles/3100060-- department- circular -no-dc2025-09-0018?title=Department%20Circular%20No.%20DC2025-09-0018 54 Government of Malaysia, 2026. National Carbon Market Policy. Available at: https://www.nres .gov.my/ms-my/pustakamedia/Penerbitan / National%20Carbon%20Market%20Policy%20(DPKK)_NRES_2026.pdf 55 Government of Pakistan, 2025. Draft Rules on Carbon Market Activities. Available at: https://mocc.gov.pk/SiteImage/Misc/files/Pakistan%20Carbon%20Market%20Rules_3-2-2025-%20Clean%20for%20Comments%20.docx ..PAGE:72 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotes 68 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 56 Government of Panama, 2025. Public consultation on the draft Executive Decree “That repeals Executive Decree No. 142 of December 9, 2021 and establishes the provisions for the operation of the National Carbon Market System of Panama and other types of compensation in the Republic of Panama”. Available at: https://miambiente.gob .pa/consulta-publica-del-decreto-ejecutivo -borrador-que-deroga-el-decreto-ejecutivo-no -142-de-9-de-diciembre-de-2021-y-establece -las-disposiciones-para-el-funcionamiento-del -sistema-nacional-del-mercad/ 57 Government of Uganda, 2025. The National Climate Change Regulations, 2025. Available at: https://www.nema.go.ug/en/wp-content /uploads/2025/05/The-National-Climate -Change-Climate-Change-Mechanisms -Regulations-2025.pdf 58 Government of the United Republic of Tanzania, Office of the Attorney General, 2024. The Environmental Management (Amendment) Act. Available at: https://oagmis.oag.go.tz /portal/bills/eyJpdiI6ImxtTHhhVUhsZzFaV EprWG5PKzdaL2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoib FdyejhNbi90NldlYXp1NkYzaExoZz09Iiwib WFjIjoiYzQ3ODQ0ZDUwMzRmZDRjNGNjNjgy NzA1OT ZmOGMwNjU1ZDNmNzU0M2U0MWRm NGViZTk5Z Dk5YjAxZTU0ZTAzMSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 59 Government of Zimbabwe, 2025. Carbon Trading Regulations. Available at: https://zicma.org .zw/resources/SI48-of-2025-Carbon-Trading -General-Regulations-2025ORD.pdf 60 Government of Peru, 2025. Decreto Supremo N.° 023-2025-MINAM. Available at: https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minam/normas -legales/7512282-023-2025-minam 61 Government of Viet Nam, 2026. Decree No. 29/2026/ND-CP : Domestic Carbon Exchange. Available : https://vanban .chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid= 216694&classid=1&typegroupid=4 62 Astana International Financial Center, 2025. Carbon Platform. Available : https://aifc.kz / carbon-platform-2/# 63 https://www.nccs.gov.sg/singapore-gold -standard-and-verra-publish-crediting-protocol/ 64 https://unfccc.int/news/development-of-paris -agreement-article-6-registry-infrastructure -begins 65 AlliedOffsets. 2025 VCM Overview. Available at: https://alliedoffsets.com/reports/ 66 California Legislative Information, Assembly Bill No. 1207: https://leginfo.legislature .ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill _id=202520260AB1207 67 For example, the recent expansion of China's national ETS to include industrial sectors could increase demand for China Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) credits. These credits can be used for up to five percent of covered emissions, meaning that up to 400 million tCO2e per year of CCER credits are theoretically permitted. Additionally, the recently implemented ETSs in Japan and Viet Nam will each allow domestic or international credits up to 10 percent and 30 percent of covered emissions, respectively. 68 Note that ETS allowances and carbon credits for a given year are typically retired the following year (for example, units surrendered for 2025 GHG emissions are surrendered during 2026). 69 Council of the EU, March 2025. 2040 climate target: Council gives final green light. Available at: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press /press-releases/2026/03/05/2040-climate -target-council-gives-final-green-light/ 70 Climate and Company, December 2025. International (Article 6) Credits under the EU 2040 Climate Target. Available at: https://climateandcompany.org/publications / international-ar ticle-6-credits-under-the-eu -2040-climate-target/ 71 European Commission, 3 February 2025: https://climate.ec.europa.eu/news-other-reads /news/eu-sets-worlds-first-voluntary-standard -permanent-carbon-removals-2026-02-03_en 72 IATA, December 2025. Global Outlook for Air Transport in 2026. Available at: https://www.iata.org/en/publications/economics /reports/global-outlook-for-air-transport -december-2025/ 73 S&P Global Energy, CORSIA Report: Limited progress on unlocking eligible credit supply continues to represent the main threat to scheme's viability, Oct. 02, 2025, Core: News & Insights , article ID: 8e52258c-496b-43c2-aec6 -0f632379cfd4 (accessed Apr. 2, 2026) 74 These include ACR, ART TREES, , BioCarbon Fund Initiative for Sustainable Forest Landscapes, Climate Action Reserve (CAR), Forest Carbon Partnership Facility, Global Carbon Council, Gold StandardIsometric, Thailand Verified Emission Reduction (T-VER) program, and Verified Carbon Standard (VCS). ..PAGE:73 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotes 69 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 75 ICAO, April 2026. CORSIA Eligible Emissions Units. Available : https://www.icao.int/sites /default/files/environmental-protection / CORSIA/Documents/CORSIA%20Eligible%20Emissions%20Units/CORSIA-Eligible -Emissions-Units_April-2026.pdf . 76 ICAO, 2026. Technical Advisory Body: 2026 Assessment Cycle. Available at: https://www .icao.int/CORSIA/ICAO-corsia-tab 77 Data provided by AlliedOffsets. 78 Science Based Targets Initiative (2025), SBTi Corporate Net Zero Standard Version 2.0, Second Consultation Draft November 2025. Available at: https://files .sciencebasedtargets.org/production / files /CNZS-V2-Second-Consultation-Draft .pdf?dm=1762285041&_gl=1*onrz2o*_gcl _au*MTkwMzEwOTUxNC4xNzY1OTAyNDgz* _ga*OTU4OTU3NzUxLjE3NjU5MDI0ODM.* _ga_22VNHNTFT3*czE3NjU5MDI0ODIkbz EkZzEkdDE3NjU5MDQxMjgkajI3J GwwJGgxNjQ4NTEyNDk3 79 Voluntary Carbon Markets Integrity Initiative, Claims Code of Practice Scope 3 Action: https://vcmintegrity.org/vcmi-claims-code-of-practice/ and https://vcmintegrity.org/scope-3-action/ 80 https://ghgprotocol.org/blog/release-iso-and -ghg-protocol-announce-strategic-partnership -deliver-unified-global-standards 81 https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/presse / changenow-2025-lancement-char te-credits -carbone 82 https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media -releases/2025/launch-of-government -initiatives-to-support-the-development-of-high -integrity-carbon-markets 83 https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations /voluntary-carbon-and-nature-markets-raising -integrity/voluntary-carbon-and-nature-markets -raising-integrity-consultation-document -accessible-webpage 84 Coalition to Grow Carbon Markets, 17th November 2025, International momentum at COP30 as 11 governments endorse Shared Principles. Available at: https://coalitiontogrowcarbonmarkets.org / international-momentum-at- cop30-as-11 -governments-endorse-shared-principles/ 85 AlliedOffsets. Voluntary Carbon Market 2025 Review. Available at: https://ed offsets.com / reports/ 86 MSCI, January 14, 2026. 2025 Global Carbon Market: Year in Review. Available at https://www .msci.com/downloads/web/msci-com/discover -msci/events/event-assets/2026/january/-msci -2025-carbon-markets-year-in-review/2025%20Carbon%20Markets%20Year%20in%20Review%20Slides.pdf 87 World Bank, 2025. World Bank's USD 200 million Clean Cooking Outcome Bond Highlights Expanding Investor Appetite for Outcome-Linked Investments. Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news / press-release/2025/12/12/world-bank-s-usd -200-million-clean-cooking-outcome-bond -highlights-expanding-investor-appetite-for -outcome-linked-invest 88 Chestnut Carbon, July 2025. Chestnut Carbon Announces Pioneering Non-Recourse Project Financing for U.S. Afforestation in the Voluntary Carbon Market. Available at: https://chestnutcarbon.com/news-resources/chestnut -pioneering-non-recourse-project-financing-us -afforestation-voluntary-carbon-market/ 89 BNP Paribas Asset Management, November 2025. AXA IM Alts expands its Natural Capital and Impact investments strategy with new commitments from development finance institutions. Available at: https://alts.axa-im .com/media-centre/axa-im-alts-expands -its-natural-capital-and-impact-investments -strategy-new-commitments-development 90 https://www.spglobal.com/energy/en /news-research/latest-news/energy -transition/102125-interview-ccp-labeled -carbon-credit-supply-to-rise-in-2026-icvcm -working-toward-standardization-ceo 91 https://verra.org/verra-marks-key-corsia -milestone-with-release-of-approved -insurance-products/ 92 In addition, issuances of credits eligible under South Africa's carbon tax jumped from four million credits in 2024 to nearly 12 million in 2025. However, these credits are converted from prior issuances under independent crediting mechanisms such as Verified Carbon Standard and Clean Development Mechanism. 93 Data tracked through the World Bank Carbon Assets Tracking System includes the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF), Initiative for Sustainable Forest Landscapes (ISFL), Transformative Carbon Asset Facility (TCAF), and Standardized Crediting Framework (SCF). ..PAGE:74 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotes 70 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 94 In some cases, a memorandum of understanding (MoU) is an initial step toward a signed bilateral agreement. However, this is not a formal requirement under Article 6.2, and an MoU can be sufficient for bilateral transfers depending on individual country processes. Therefore, this report does not assume that MoUs necessarily require a subsequent signed bilateral agreement. 95 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Copenhagen Climate Centre, Article 6 Pipeline,” https://unepccc.org/article-6-pipeline/. 96 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Copenhagen Climate Centre, Article 6 Pipeline,” https://unepccc.org/article-6-pipeline/ 97 https://www.climefi.com/blog-posts/climefi -structures-itmo-transfer-between-norway -and-switzerland-under-article-6-of-the-paris -agreement 98 https://www.nccs.gov.sg/singapore-will -contract-high-quality-nature-based-carbon -credits-from-four-projects/ 99 International Emissions Trading Association (IETA), Visualising Article 6 Implementation. Available at: https://www.ieta.org/visualising -article-6-implementation 100 https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource / A6.4_MEP011.pdf 101 UNFCCC, Meeting Report: Twelfth Meeting of the Methodological Expert Panel, https://unfccc.int / sites/default/files/resource/A6.4-MEP012.pdf 102 For existing CDM projects, only credit vintages from 2021 onwards are eligible for crediting under PACM. In addition, all projects transitioned from CDM to PACM approved methodologies from the end of 2025 onwards. 103 https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the -paris-agreement/article-6/article-64-pacm / mechanism-process/issuance/list-provisional -requests 104 All prices are as of April 1, 2026 unless otherwise stated. 105 Climate Focus, Carbon Markets 2025 Review and Outlook. Available at: https://climatefocus.com /publications/carbon-market-2025-review-and -outlook/ 106 Reuters, October 15, 2025: Indonesia allows resumption of international carbon trade after four years. Available at: https://www.reuters .com/sustainability/climate-energy/indonesia -allows-resumption-international-carbon-trade -after-four-years-2025-10-15/ 107 Price data available via cdr.fyi 108 Platts, S&P Global Energy, ©2026 by S&P Global Inc. Prices are for Biochar India and Biochar US. 109 Puro.earth, https://registry.puro.earth/projects 110 Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market, CCP Impact Report 2025. Available at: https://icvcm.org/engagement-impact/ccp -impact-report-2025/ 111 Sylvera, State of Carbon Credits 2025. Available at: https://www.sylvera.com/reports/state-of -carbon-credits-2025 112 BeZero Carbon, 2025: The global carbon credit market in review. Available at: https://bezerocarbon.com/insights/2025-the-global -carbon-credit-market-in-review 113 EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG Database, a collaboration between the European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), the International Energy Agency (IEA), and comprising IEA-EDGAR CO2, EDGAR CH4, EDGAR N2O, EDGAR F-GASES version 2025 European Commission, JRC (Datasets), 2025, https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset_ghg2025. 114 Gütschow, J.; Busch, D.; Pflüger, M. (2025). The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2024) v2.7. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17090760. 115 Environment and Climate Change Canada (2026). National Inventory Report 1990-2024: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada. Submitted to the UNFCCC. https://www.canada .ca/en/environment -climate-change/ser vices /climate-change /greenhouse-gas-emissions / inventor y.html. 116 United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Methodology Report: Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks by State: 1990-2022 (Washington, DC: EPA, 2024), https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions / methodolog y -report-inventory-us-greenhouse -gas-emissions-and-sinks-state-1990-2022. 117 H. S. Eggleston et al., 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, (Geneva: IPCC, 2006), https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp / public/2006gl/. 118 Intercontinental Exchange California Carbon Allowance Vintage 2026 Future (December 2026 contract), https://www .ice.com/products /82612870/California-Carbon-Allowance-Vintage -2026-Future / data?marketId=7143176 ..PAGE:75 ForewordExecutive SummaryChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3AnnexesEndnotes 71 State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026 119 Intercontinental Exchange UKA Futures, https://www.ice.com/products/80216150/UKA-Futures / data?marketId=8692804 120 Washington Cap-and-Invest Program, Auction #13 March 2026 public proceeds report, issued on April 1, 2026, https://apps.ecology.wa.gov / publications/documents/2614004.pdf 121 IMF, “World Economic Outlook Database,” April 2024, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications / WEO/weo-database/2024/April. 122 EDGAR 2025 GHG Dataset, accessed April 8, 2026, https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset _ghg2025 123 International Monetary Fund, “Exchange Rate Archives by Month,” 2025, https://www.imf.org / external/np/fin/data/param_rms_mth.aspx. 124 International Monetary Fund, “Exchange Rates dataset (Data Explorer)”, https://data.imf.org/en / Data-Explorer?datasetUrn=IMF.STA:ER(4.0.1) ..PAGE:76","ALIAS":"reprt"}},{"Uid":"2482","Rank":"0","Date":"2026/05/27 05:35:48","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"reprt","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"4005","Date":"20260527053548","no":"4005","sj":"(세계에너지시장인사이트) 중국, 에너지절약 및 탄소저감 확대 정책 시행","cn":"

■ 중국 국무원은 ‘에너지절약·탄소저감 효율 제고에 관한 의견’(이하 ‘의견’)을 통해 산업·에너지·건물·수송·디지털 인프라 등 주요 부문을 대상으로 에너지절약 및 탄소저감 시행 방안을 제시하고 산업·에너지 구조 전환에 속도를 내고 있음

  - 산업 부문에서는 철강·석유화학·건자재 등 에너지다소비·탄소다배출 업종을 중심으로 에너지 효율 개선과 탄소저감 진단을 실시하여 관련 규제를 강화할 방침임

■ 업계에서는 이번 정책이 15.5(2026~2030년)계획 시기의 녹색 전환 방향을 제시하는 사실상의 종합 로드맵이며, 중국 산업계 전반에 상당한 구조 전환 압박으로 작용할 것으로 보고 있음

  - 특히 철강·화학·발전·물류 업계는 에너지 효율과 탄소 관리 능력이 향후 기업 경쟁력을 좌우하는 핵심 요소로 부상할 가능성이 크다는 분석임

","rdcnt":"127","rgtrId":"neoflow","strRegDt":"2026-05-27","regDt":"2026-05-27 17:35:48.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"39","STUS":"Y","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"에너지경제연구원","pblcnDt":"2026-05-27","TAG":"중국, 에너지 절약, 탄소저감 정책, 산업에너지 구조 전환, 규제 강화","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"6","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"탄소중립 동향","attachFile":"..PAGE:1 세계 에너지시장 인사이트 제26-9호 2026.5.18. 1 ▣중국, 에너지절약 및 탄소저감 확대 정책 시행 ¡중국 국무원은 '에너지절약·탄소저감 효율 제고에 관한 의견'(이하 '의견')을 통해 산업·에너지·건물· 수송·디지털 인프라 등 주요 부문을 대상으로 에너지절약 및 탄소저감 시행 방안을 제시하고 산업·에너지 구조 전환에 속도를 내고 있음 .1) ‒ 우선 산업 부문에서는 철강 ·석유화학 ·건자재 등 에너지다소비·탄소다배출 업종을 중심으로 에너지 효율 개선과 탄소저감 진단을 실시하여 관련 규제를 강화할 방침임.2) ・디지털·스마트 ·녹색 기술을 활용해 전통산업을 고도화하고 노후 생산설비와 저효율 생산능력을 체계적으로 퇴출함. ・첨단 제조업과 녹색 ·저탄소 산업 육성을 가속화하며, 탄소중립 산업단지 조성하여 에너지다소비· 탄소다배출 산업에서 저탄소·고부가 산업 중심 구조로 재편함. ‒ 에너지 부문에서는 석탄 소비 감축과 석유 소비 규제를 지속 추진하는 한편, 비화석에너지와 ESS 확대를 통해 신규 전력 수요를 청정에너지 중심으로 충당할 계획임. ・석탄화력발전은 설비용량과 발전량을 합리적으로 관리하되, 단순 폐지보다는 에너지 절약·탄소 감축 개조와 유연성 개조를 병행해 전력망 안정성과 재생에너지 수용 능력을 동시에 확보할 계획임. ・양수발전을 입지 특성과 계속 여건을 고려해 설계하고, 스마트 마이크로그리드와 녹색전력 직공급 등을 도입하여 녹색전력 공급을 확대함. ‒ 수송 부문에서는 철도 ·수운 중심의 수송 구조 전환과 함께 전기·수소 기반 대형트럭 및 친환경 연료 선박 보급을 확대할 계획임. 또한, 충전 및 배터리 교환 인프라와 항만 육상전원 시설망 구축을 강화하여 장거리 물류 화물 수송의 탈탄소화를 본격 추진함. ‒ 건물 부문에서는 패시브 빌딩(Passive Building) 확대와 기존 건물 개조를 중점적으로 추진함. 건물 일체형 태양광 시스템(Building Integrated Photovoltaic System, BIPV) 확대, 폐열 활용 , 비화석에너지 난방 확대, 노후 난방망 교체 등을 통해 건물 에너지 구조 전환을 추진함. ‒ AI·클라우드 산업 확대에 따라 급증하는 데이터센터·통신기지국 전력 소비 문제에 대응하기 위해 디지털 인프라도 이번 정책의 주요 관리 대상으로 포함됨. 연산센터와 서버실의 에너지 효율 기준을 강화하고, 재생에너지 사용과 폐열 재활용을 적극 추진함. ‒ 감독 체계도 대폭 강화하여 지역별 에너지 소비와 탄소배출 지표에 대한 상시 모니터링 체계를 구축할 방침이며, 목표 달성이 미흡한 지역에 대해서는 프로젝트 승인 제한 등 조치도 검토할 계획임. ‒ 이와 함께 차등 전기요금제, 시간대별 전기요금제, 세제 우대, 녹색금융 지원 등 시장 기반 유인책도 확대함. 특히 국가 저탄소 전환기금 설립을 통해 녹색산업 투자를 활성화하고, 전통산 업 구조조정을 지원할 계획임. 1) 中國能源報, 2026.4.27.2) 中國政府網, 2026.4.22. ..PAGE:2 2 세계 에너지시장 인사이트 제26-9호 2026.5.18. ¡업계에서는 이번 정책이 15.5(2026~2030년)계획 시기의 녹색 전환 방향을 제시하는 사실상의 종합 로드맵이며, 중국 산업계 전반에 상당한 구조 전환 압박으로 작용할 것으로 보고 있음 . ‒ 특히 철강·화학 ·발전·물류 업계는 에너지 효율과 탄소 관리 능력이 향후 기업 경쟁력을 좌우하는 핵심 요소로 부상할 가능성이 크다는 분석임. ‒ 중국 정부는 에너지 절약·탄소감축은 더 이상 기업의 추가 비용 부담이 아니라 지속가능한 성장을 위한 핵심 경쟁력이라고 강조함. 이는 중국의 산업정책 중심축이 생산 확대에서 녹색 경쟁력 강화로 빠르게 이동하고 있음을 보여줌.","ALIAS":"reprt"}}]}},{"Id":"gnrlz","MorphemeAnalysis":{"Field":{"sj":"","cn":"","pblcnInstt":"","TAG":"","rm":""}},"DocumentSet":{"Count":"1","TotalCount":"1","Document":[{"Uid":"1","Rank":"0","Date":"2023/08/24 12:00:00","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"gnrlz","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"1995","Date":"20230824120000","no":"1995","sj":"종합플랫폼이란?","bbsCd":"GNRLZ_PLAT_INTRCN","cn":"종합플랫폼이란? 환경책임투자 종합플랫폼은 환경적 요소를 투자의사결정에 반영하는 환경책임투자 및 환경경영을 활성화하기 위하여 환경부가 추진하는 다양한 정책들을 소개하고 이와 관련된 정보들을 수집하여 제공하는 한편, 지속적인 의견수렴의 장을 마련하고자 구축되었습니다. 대표적으로 녹색분류체계, 녹색채권 발행지원, 환경성 평가체계, 환경정보공개제도 등 다양한 정책을 통하여 금융기관의 환경분야에 대한 진입장벽을해소하고 환경책임투자 참여를 확산하고자 노력하고 있습니다. 이 외에도 기업의 환경경영 실천을 돕기 위하여 ESG 컨설팅 지원, 인력양성 등 다양한 제도를 소개하고 있습니다. 저희 사이트에서 소개하고 있는 환경부의 제도에 대한 문의사항이나 의견을 언제나 환영합니다. 제도 운영 및 개선을 위해 환경책임투자 및 환경경영에 관심있는 분들의 많은 참여를 부탁드립니다.","rdcnt":"1","rgtrId":"prefix","strRegDt":"2023-08-24","regDt":"2023-08-24 00:00:00.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"1046","STUS":"","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"종합플랫폼이란?","ALIAS":"gnrlz"}}]}},{"Id":"prtn","MorphemeAnalysis":{"Field":{"sj":"","cn":"","pblcnInstt":"","TAG":"","rm":""}},"DocumentSet":{"Count":"1","TotalCount":"1","Document":[{"Uid":"1","Rank":"0","Date":"2023/08/24 12:00:00","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"prtn","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"1996","Date":"20230824120000","no":"1996","sj":"추진사업 소개","bbsCd":"PRTN_BIZ_INTRCN","cn":"녹색분류체계 녹색분류체계 > 녹색금융의 대상이 되는 녹색경제활동(녹색프로젝트)의 정의 및 요건을 기술하여 그린워싱을 방지 환경성 표준 평가체계 환경성 표준 평가체계 > 기업의 환경성과를 평가하고 그 평가결과를 활용하여 금융지원 강화 녹색채권 녹색채권 > 발행자금이 녹색경제활동에 사용되는 녹색채권 활성화를 위해 가이드라인 제정 및 사후보고 지원 환경정보공개제도 환경정보공개제도 > 환경경영 확산 및 국민과의 환경소통을 활성화하기 위해 검증된 환경정보 공개 녹색금융 우수기업 시상 녹색금융 우수기업 시상 > 녹색금융 추진실적이 우수한 기업 및 금융기관에게 정부포상을 통해 모범사례 확산","rdcnt":"0","rgtrId":"prefix","strRegDt":"2023-08-24","regDt":"2023-08-24 00:00:00.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"1046","STUS":"","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"추진사업 소개","ALIAS":"prtn"}}]}},{"Id":"greencl","MorphemeAnalysis":{"Field":{"sj":"","cn":"","pblcnInstt":"","TAG":"","rm":""}},"DocumentSet":{"Count":"3","TotalCount":"5","Document":[{"Uid":"1","Rank":"0","Date":"2023/08/24 12:00:00","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"greencl","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"1997","Date":"20230824120000","no":"1997","sj":"녹색분류체계란?","bbsCd":"GREEN_CL_SYSTM","cn":"개념 녹색경제활동을 정의하는 자발적 지침서 원칙 녹색경제활동은 다음 3가지 원칙을 준수해야 합니다. 원칙 1 환경목표에 기여할 것 : 6대 환경목표 중 하나 이상의 환경목표 달성에 기여해야 합니다.(SC; Substantial contribution) ※ 6대 환경목표 : 온실가스 감축, 기후변화 적응, 물의 지속가능한 보전, 순환경제로의 전환, 오염 방지 및 관리, 생물다양성 보전 원칙 2 심각한 환경피해가 없을 것 : 환경목표 달성 과정에서 다른 환경목표에 심각한 피해를 주지 않아야 합니다.(DNSH; Do No Significant Harm) 원칙 3 최소한의 보호장치를 준수할 것 : 인권, 노동, 안전, 반부패, 문화재 파괴 등 관련 법규를 위반하지 않아야 합니다.(MS; Minimum Safeguards) 환경목표에 기여할것(SC) + 심각한 환경피해 없을것(DNSH) + 최소한의 보호장치를 준수할 것(MS) 구성 한국형 녹색분류체계는 환경목표에 기여하는 세부 경제활동으로 구성되어 있습니다. 탄소중립 및 환경개선에 기여하는 경제활동인 '녹색부문'과 탄소중립으로 전환하기 위한 중간과정으로서 과도기적으로 필요한 경제활동인 '전환부문'으로 구성되어 있습니다. '녹색부문'은 온실가스 감축, 기후변화 적응, 물의 지속가능한 보전, 순환경제로의 전환, 오염 방지 및 관리, 생물다양성 보전 목표로 구분되며, 총 67개 녹색경제활동으로 구성되어 있습니다. '전환부문'은 탄소중립 목표를 위한 최종지향점이 아니므로 진정한 녹색경제활동으로 볼 수는 없지만, 현재 단계에서 탄소중립으로 전환하기 위한 중간과정으로서 과도기적으로 필요한 7개 경제활동으로 구성하였습니다. 적용 대상 한국형 녹색분류체계는 녹색경제활동을 정의하는 지침서로써 환경부와 금융위원회가 발표한 '녹색채권 가이드라인'에 따른 녹색프로젝트는 한국형 녹색분류체계의 적합성 판단 절차를 충족한 프로젝트에 한정하고 있습니다.","rdcnt":"0","rgtrId":"prefix","strRegDt":"2023-08-24","regDt":"2023-08-24 00:00:00.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"1046","STUS":"","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"녹색분류체계","ALIAS":"greencl"}},{"Uid":"2","Rank":"0","Date":"2023/08/24 12:00:00","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"greencl","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"1998","Date":"20230824120000","no":"1998","sj":"가이드라인","bbsCd":"GREEN_CL_SYSTM","cn":"가이드라인 녹색분류체계 가이드라인","rdcnt":"0","rgtrId":"prefix","strRegDt":"2023-08-24","regDt":"2023-08-24 00:00:00.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"1046","STUS":"","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"녹색분류체계","ALIAS":"greencl"}},{"Uid":"3","Rank":"0","Date":"2023/08/24 12:00:00","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"greencl","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"1999","Date":"20230824120000","no":"1999","sj":"해설서","bbsCd":"GREEN_CL_SYSTM","cn":"해설서 녹색분류체계 해설서","rdcnt":"1","rgtrId":"prefix","strRegDt":"2023-08-24","regDt":"2023-08-24 00:00:00.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"1046","STUS":"","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"녹색분류체계","ALIAS":"greencl"}}]}},{"Id":"greenbond","MorphemeAnalysis":{"Field":{"sj":"","cn":"","pblcnInstt":"","TAG":"","rm":""}},"DocumentSet":{"Count":"3","TotalCount":"5","Document":[{"Uid":"1","Rank":"0","Date":"2023/08/24 12:00:00","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"greenbond","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"2002","Date":"20230824120000","no":"2002","sj":"녹색채권이란?","bbsCd":"GREEN_BOND","cn":"정의 '녹색채권이란 발행자금이 한국형 녹색분류체계에 의해 정의된 6대 환경목표 중 하나 이상에 기여하는 녹색경제활동에 사용되며, 다음 4대 핵심요소를 모두 충족하는 채권을 말합니다. 녹색채권은 외부검토, 사후보고 등 추가 절차가 요구된다는 점에서 일반채권과 차이가 있습니다. 4대 핵심요소 01 자금의 사용 02 평가 및 선정 절차 03 자금의 관리 04 보고 6대 환경목표 01 온실가스 감축 02 기후변화 적응 03 물의 지속가능한 보전 04 순환경제로의 전환 05 오염 방지 및 관리 06 생물다양성 보전 녹색채권의 장점 발행자는 투명하고 객관적인 평가절차를 거친 녹색채권의 발행으로 투자자의 신뢰도를 제고할 수 있습니다. 이를 대외적으로 공시함으로써 발행자의 지속가능경영 활동에 대한 인지도 제고와 함께, 중장기적으로 기업 가치 향상에 기여할 수 있을 것입니다. 나아가 낮은 금리 등 유리한 조건으로 자금을 조달할 수 있는 가능성이 높아집니다. 한편 투자자는 녹색채권 투자에 따른 이익을 얻을 수 있습니다. 또한 채권 발행자의 녹색경제활동을 독려하고 지원함으로써 지속가능한 사회 실현이라는 가치를 창출할 수 있습니다. 녹색채권 발행절차 발행 전 보고 1. 발행계획 수립 주요내용 : [발행자] 자금조달 수요 확인 주관사 선정 및 기업 실사 등 업무 협의 신용등급 평가 주요결과물 : 발행계획 2. 관리체계 수립 [발행자] 주요내용 : 관리체계 작성 ① 회사 소개 및 녹색채권 개요 ② 관리체계 목적 ③ 자금의 사용 ④ 평가 및 선정 절차 ⑤ 자금의 관리 ⑥ 보고 주요결과물 : 관리체계 3.적합성판단 요청 주요내용 : [발행자] 한국형 녹색분류체계 적합 여부 확인 요청 주요결과물 : 적합성판단 요청서 4. 사전 외부검토 주요내용 : [외부검토기관] 관리체계 외부검토 적합성판단 확인 주요결과물 : 사전 외부검토 보고서 ① 녹색채권 관리체계 ② 적합성판단 확인 발행 후 보고 5. 채권발행 주요내용 : [발행자] 증권신고서 제출 ① 관리체계 공시 ② 사전 외부검토 보고서 공시 주요결과물 : 증권신고서 6.1 사후(연례) 보고 주요내용 : [발행자] 사후(연례) 보고서 공시 ① 자금배분 보고 ② 환경영향 보고 ※자금배분 보고(연 1회 이상) 환경영향 보고(필요시) 주요결과물 : 사후(연례) 보고서 6.2 사후(최종) 보고 주요내용 : [발행자] 자금배분 완료 후 사후(최종) 보고서 공시 ① 자금배분 보고 ② 환경영향 보고 ③ 적합성판단 보고 주요결과물 : 사후(최종) 보고서 7. 사후 외부검토 주요내용 : [외부검토기관] 사후(최종) 보고서 외부검토 ① 자금배분 검토 ② 환경영향 검토 ③ 적합성판단 최종 확인 주요결과물 : 사후 외부검토 보고서","rdcnt":"0","rgtrId":"prefix","strRegDt":"2023-08-24","regDt":"2023-08-24 00:00:00.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"1046","STUS":"","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"녹색금융","ALIAS":"greenbond"}},{"Uid":"2","Rank":"0","Date":"2023/08/24 12:00:00","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"greenbond","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"2003","Date":"20230824120000","no":"2003","sj":"녹색채권 발행현황","bbsCd":"GREEN_BOND","cn":"녹색채권 발행현황 녹색채권 발행현황","rdcnt":"0","rgtrId":"prefix","strRegDt":"2023-08-24","regDt":"2023-08-24 00:00:00.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"1046","STUS":"","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"녹색금융","ALIAS":"greenbond"}},{"Uid":"3","Rank":"0","Date":"2023/08/24 12:00:00","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"greenbond","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"2004","Date":"20230824120000","no":"2004","sj":"가이드라인","bbsCd":"GREEN_BOND","cn":"가이드라인 녹색채권 가이드라인","rdcnt":"0","rgtrId":"prefix","strRegDt":"2023-08-24","regDt":"2023-08-24 00:00:00.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"1046","STUS":"","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"녹색금융","ALIAS":"greenbond"}}]}},{"Id":"envrnl","MorphemeAnalysis":{"Field":{"sj":"","cn":"","pblcnInstt":"","TAG":"","rm":""}},"DocumentSet":{"Count":"2","TotalCount":"2","Document":[{"Uid":"1","Rank":"0","Date":"2023/08/24 12:00:00","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"envrnl","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"2007","Date":"20230824120000","no":"2007","sj":"환경성 평가체계란?","bbsCd":"ENVRNL_EVL_SYSTM","cn":"환경성(E)평가체계란? 기업이 경영활동 전 과정에서 창출하는 경제적 부가가치에 비하여 오염물질이나 온실가스 등을 배출하는 정도 및 자원과 에너지를 소비하는 정도 등 환경에 미치는 영향력의 정도를 객관적으로 평가하는 체계 ※「환경기술 및 환경산업 지원법」 제2조제5호 '제품의 환경성'정의 규정 준용 근거법 -「환경기술 및 환경산업 지원법」 제10조의3(녹색경영기업 금융지원시스템의 구축·운영) -「환경기술 및 환경산업 지원법」 제10조의4(환경책임투자 지원 및 활성화) 제2조2항 의의 신뢰성 : 국가 환경 DB를 분석한 결과를 바탕으로 산업분류 및 평가지표 선정 편의성 : 정량지표별 구간화된 점수체계를 제공하여 개별기업이 편리하게 자가진단 가능 공정성 : 배출량 원단위 활용 및 산업별 상대평가를 통하여 기업규모 및 산업특성을 적절히 고려한 공정한 평가 실시 금융기관 환경성(E) 평가결과를 활용한 우대상품 등 녹색금융상품을 개발함으로써 녹색금융 활성화 평가기관 산업통계, 산업별 중요도(Materiality Map) 등 유용한 기초자료를 제공함으로써 자율적이고 신뢰도 높은 ESG 평가의 인프라 지원 환경부 녹색경영기업 금융지원시스템(enVinance) 개편, 체계적인 평가DB 구축 및 지속적인 평가산식 고도화 기업 자가진단 및 환경참여를 통한 적극적인 환경리스크 관리·경쟁력 제고","rdcnt":"0","rgtrId":"prefix","strRegDt":"2023-08-24","regDt":"2023-08-24 00:00:00.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"1046","STUS":"","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"환경성평가체계","ALIAS":"envrnl"}},{"Uid":"2","Rank":"0","Date":"2023/08/24 12:00:00","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"envrnl","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"2008","Date":"20230824120000","no":"2008","sj":"평가체계 기본구성","bbsCd":"ENVRNL_EVL_SYSTM","cn":"기본구성 기본부문(100점 만점) + 가점(최대 10점) - 감점(최대 10점) 기본부문의 구성 : 4개 정량지표 - 온실가스 : 직접 배출량, 간접 배출량 - 대기오염 : 총먼지(TSP), SOx, NOx 배출량 - 용수 : 용수 사용량 - 폐기물 : 일반, 지정, 건설, 폐기물 배출량, 처분량 정량지표의 세부 평가 3개 세부지표의 구간점수를 가중평균하여 정량지표 점수 제공 3개 세부지표 -산업 리스크 (가중치1) 산업별 평균 배출량의 분포 도출 ※산업내 총 배출량 ÷ 산업내 기업 수 -산업내 성과(가중치2) 정량지표별 배출량 원단 위의 분포 도출 ※원단위 : (정량지표 배출량 ÷ 매출액) -감축성과(가중치3) 정량지표별 배출량 원단위 증감률의 분포 도출 ※당해년도 배출량 원단위÷직전 3년 평균 배출량 원단위 구간점수 - Step 1 세부지표별 분포의 사분위 범위를 구하고 상한 및 하한 도출 (이상치 추출) ※하한 : 1사분위수 – 1.5×IQR 상한 : 3사분위수 + 1.5×IQR - Step 2 상한 및 하한 사이를 등 간격 으로 구분하여 10점 단위 점수 부여 - Step 3 개별 기업이 속하는 구간에 따라 점수 부여 ※구간 점수 도출 정량지표 - Step 1 3개 구간점수를 1:2:3의 비율로 가중평균 ※정량지표 점수 도출 - Step 2 4개 정량지표점수를 산술 평균 ※기본점수(100점 만점) 도출 정량지표의 출처 국가온실가스종합관리시스템 National GHGs Management System 대기배출원관리시스템 Stack Emission Management System 전국오염원조사시스템 Water Emission Management System 폐기물적법처리시스템 Allbaro System\" 산업분류 한국표준 산업분류 채택 및 수정 기본원칙 : 한국표준산업분류(KSIC) 구성 21개 대분류 및 77개 중분류 체계 특징 업태의 유사성을 기준으로 분류 KSIC 채택 사유 적합성 정부 통계 및 기업정보 DB가 대부분 KSIC에 기반하여 구축 보편성 다수 금융기관이 KSIC를 보편적으로 활용 대표성 국내외 정부기관은 국가 표준산업분류 활용(미국 NAICS, EU NACE 등) KSIC의 한계점(재편 필요성) 대분류 25개 제조업이 하나의 산업으로 편제 → 제조업 전체를 동일산업으로 평가할 경우 평가의 정확성이 저하될 우려 중분류 77개로 과도한 세분화 → 산업‧환경적 특성이 잘 반영될 수 있으나 산업별 기업 수 부족으로 평가 결과가 왜곡될 우려\" 재편과정 빅데이타 분석(군집분석) 방법론 + 기존 KSIC 분류 + 전문가 자문 의견 →KSIC 중분류 기준 77개 업종에 대한 군집분석 + 군집분석 결과의 평가 및 수정/보완 자료구성 KSIC 표준산업분류체계 중분류(77개 업종) 항목별 기업의 배출량(사용량) 자료 구축 77개 업종에 대해 4개 지표(온실가스, 대기오염물질, 용수사용량, 폐기물 배출량)에 대한 분포 현황 집계 분석대상 (방법론) kMeanPlusPlus 방법론 (거리측정함수) Earth Mover Distance(지표 별 분포 특성을 거리측정 함수로 이용) (분석 횟수) 최대 1억 번, 100회 반복 (자료 정규화 방법론) 4개 지표에 대해 Z-Score 정규화(Normalization) 방법론 적용 전문가자문 군집분석 결과에 대한 전문가 자문 KSIC 대분류 체계와의 비교/분석 분류결과 최종 25개 산업분류체계 구성 (제조업종 12개, 발전/수도업종 1개, 비제조업종 12개)\" 재편결과 이전산업 분류 C.10. 식료품 제조업 C.11. 음료 제조업 C.13. 섬유제품 제조업; 의복 제외 C.12. 담배 제조업 C.16. 목재 및 나무제품 제조업; 가구 제외 C.17. 펄프, 종이 및 종이제품 제조업 C.19. 코크스, 연탄 및 석유정제품 제조업 C.20. 화학 물질 및 화학제품 제조업; 의약품 제외 C.21. 의료용 물질 및 의약품 제조업 C.22. 고무 및 플라스틱제품 제조업 C.23. 비금속 광물제품 제조업 C.24. 1차 금속 제조업 C.26. 전자 부품, 컴퓨터, 영상, 음향 및 통신장비 제조업 C.28. 전기장비 제조업 C.25. 금속 가공제품 제조업; 기계 및 가구 제외 C.27. 의료, 정밀, 광학 기기 및 시계 제조업 C.29. 기타 기계 및 장비 제조업 C.34. 산업용 기계 및 장비 수리업 C.30. 자동차 및 트레일러 제조업 C.31. 기타 운송장비 제조업 C.14. 의복, 의복 액세서리 및 모피제품 제조업 C.15. 가죽, 가방 및 신발 제조업 C.18. 인쇄 및 기록매체 복제업 C.32. 가구 제조업 C.33. 기타 제품 제조업 D.35. 전기, 가스, 증기 및 공기 조절 공급업 E.37. 하수, 폐수 및 분뇨 처리업 E.38. 폐기물 수집, 운반, 처리 및 원료 재생업 E.39. 환경 정화 및 복원업 F.41. 종합 건설업 F.42. 전문직별 공사업 G.45. 자동차 및 부품 판매업 G.46. 도매 및 상품 중개업 G.47. 소매업; 자동차 제외 H.49. 육상 운송 및 파이프라인 운송업 H.50. 수상 운송업 H.51. 항공 운송업 H.52. 창고 및 운송관련 서비스업 B.05. 석탄, 원유 및 천연가스 광업 B.06. 금속 광업 B.07. 비금속광물 광업; 연료용 제외 B.08. 광업 지원 서비스업 I.55. 숙박업 I.56. 음식점 및 주점업 K.64. 금융업 K.65. 보험 및 연금업 K.66. 금융 및 보험관련 서비스업 J.60. 방송업 J.62. 컴퓨터 프로그래밍, 시스템 통합 및 관리업 J.63. 정보서비스업 J.61. 우편 및 통신업 L.68. 부동산업 M.70. 연구개발업 M.71. 전문 서비스업 M.72. 건축 기술, 엔지니어링 및 기타 과학기술 서비스업 M.73. 기타 전문, 과학 및 기술 서비스업 N.74. 사업시설 관리 및 조경 서비스업 N.75. 사업 지원 서비스업 N.76. 임대업; 부동산 제외 (9차 KSIC에서는 [69]) O.84. 공공 행정, 국방 및 사회보장 행정 P.85. 교육 서비스업 A.01. 농업 A.02. 임업 A.03. 어업 J.58. 출판업 J.59. 영상ㆍ오디오 기록물 제작 및 배급업 Q.86. 보건업 Q.87. 사회복지 서비스업 R.90. 창작, 예술 및 여가관련 서비스업 R.91. 스포츠 및 오락관련 서비스업 S.94. 협회 및 단체 S.95. 개인 및 소비용품 수리업 S.96. 기타 개인 서비스업 T.97. 가구 내 고용활동 T.98. 자가 소비를 위한 가구의 재화 및 서비스 생산활동 U.99. 국제 및 외국기관 재편결과 01. 식/음료 02. 섬유 03. 종이/목재 04. 석유정제 05. 화학 06. 플라스틱/의약품 07. 유리/시멘트 08. 철강/비철 09. 전기/전자 10. 기계/장비 11. 자동차 12. 기타제조 13. 발전/수도 14. 환경산업 15. 건설업 16. 도소매업 17. 운수업 18. 광업 19. 숙박/음식점업 20. 금융/보험업 21. 방송/정보서비스업 22. 통신업 23. 전문서비스업 24. 행정/교육서비스업 25. 기타산업","rdcnt":"0","rgtrId":"prefix","strRegDt":"2023-08-24","regDt":"2023-08-24 00:00:00.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"1046","STUS":"","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"환경성평가체계","ALIAS":"envrnl"}}]}},{"Id":"envr","MorphemeAnalysis":{"Field":{"sj":"","cn":"","pblcnInstt":"","TAG":"","rm":""}},"DocumentSet":{"Count":"3","TotalCount":"3","Document":[{"Uid":"1","Rank":"0","Date":"2023/08/24 12:00:00","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"envr","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"2009","Date":"20230824120000","no":"2009","sj":"환경정보공개란?","bbsCd":"ENVR_INFO_RLS","cn":"01. 연도별 환경정보 등록기업(사업장* 기준) 제도 목적 환경경영에 대한 기업의 자발적 추진의지를 제고하고 국민과의 환경소통을 활성화하여 사회전반의 환경경영 기반 조성 및 자율적 환경관리체계 구축 금융기관에 검증된 환경정보를 제공함으로써 금융기관의 친환경기업에 대한 녹색여신 및 녹색투자 활동에 기여 추진절차 환경정보 공개대상 기관은 매년 6월 말까지 전년도 환경정보를 환경정보공개검증시스템(www.env-info.kr)에 등록하고 기술원 검증과정을 거쳐 12월 대국민 공개 <분야별 환경정보 공개대상> 정보등록(6월) - 환경정보공개시스템 https://www.env-info.kr 전년도 환경정보 등록 / 환경정보공개기업·기관 서류평가(전수) - 정보 등록 확인 및 내용 서면 검토 (총 4회에 걸쳐 전수검증) / 한국환경산업기술원 현장확인(표본) - 현장 실사를 통한 정보의 신뢰성 확인 / 한국환경산업기술원 정보공개(12월) - 검증결과 확정 및 대외 정보 공개 / 환경부 정보공개 대상 중앙행정기관, 지방자치단체, 공공기관, 국공립대학, 지방공사공단, 녹색기업, 온실가스목표관리업체, 배출권할당대상업체,지방의료원 등 총 1500여개 기업·기관 ※ 환경정보 공개대상(대표사업장/사업장) : 1,047개/3,877개('11) → 1,181개/8,411개('12) → 1,216개/8,563개('13) → 1,338개/8,647개('14) → 1,383개/8,720개('15) → 1,500개/9,284개('16) → 1,539개/9,300개('17) → 1,608개/9,347개('18) → 1,683개/3,543개('19) → 1,732개/3,611개('20) → 1,824개/3,904개('21)\" \"02. 정보 공개 항목 환경경영 추진체계, 자원・에너지 절약 및 환경오염물질 배출저감 목표‧실적 등이 주요 공개정보 업종별(6개) 특성을 반영하여 의무(6∼13개) 및 자율(11∼14개) 항목을 차별화함으로써 제도 운영의 편의성 및 실효성을 제고 03. 제도 전반에 걸친 기대 효과 자발적 녹색경영 확산 기업·기관이 자원·에너지 절약 및 환경오염물질 배출저감, 녹색경영 등의 환경정보를 공개함으로써 전사적 차원의 환경관리를 통한 자발적 녹색경영 확산 녹색경영에 대한 시장의 모니터링 강화 투자자, 고객 등 이해관계자가가 손쉽게 녹색경영 활동에 대한 정보를 효율적으로 확인할 수 있도록 함으로써 궁극적으로 기업 및 기관 등의 녹색경영에 대한 시장의 모니터링 강화 친환경기업에 대한 투자 확대 금융기관 및 투자자 등이 필요로 하는 환경정보에의 접근을 강화하여 친환경기업에 대한 투자 확대 지원 04.정보공개 기업·기관측면의 기대 효과 녹색경영 활성화 자원·에너지 절약 및 환경오염물질 배출저감, 녹색경영 등의 환경정보등록을 통한 녹색경영 인식 증가 및 녹색경영 수행 기반 구축공개된 기업·기관별 환경정보를 통한 환경정보 관리 기반 구축 및 기업·기관간 벤치마킹을 통한 녹색경영의 방향성 제고 친환경 이미지 형성 환경정보공개를 통해 투명하고 환경 친화적인 기업·기관 이미지 형성 환경적 · 경제적 성과 증진 지속적인 환경정보 관리를 통한 환경 측면 성과 증진환경적 성과 및 친환경 기업·기관 이미지를 통한 관련 소비·투자 확대 05. 법적근거 환경기술 및 환경산업 지원법 제16조의8(환경정보의 작성·공개) 환경기술 및 환경산업 지원법 제16조의9(환경정보의 검증) 추진경위 2007 ~ 현재 2022 21년 환경정보공개 대상 기업기관 환경정보 공개 2021 19년 환경정보공개 대상 기업기관 환경정보 공개 환경기술 및 환경산업지원법 개정 ※ 일정 자산규모 이상 주권상장법인 추가 '20년 환경정보공개 대상 기업기관 환경정보 공개 2020 18년 환경정보공개 대상 기업기관 환경정보 공개 환경기술 및 환경산업지원법 시행령 개정 ※ 공공기관 소규모 온실가스 배출 사업장 제외 2019 17년 환경정보공개 대상 기업기관 환경정보 공개 2018 16년 환경정보공개 대상 기업기관 환경정보 공개 2017 15년 환경정보공개 대상 기업기관 환경정보 공개 환경기술 및 환경산업지원법 시행령 개정 ('17.01월) ※ 배출권할당대상업체, 지방의료원 확대 시행 2016 '14년 환경정보공개 대상 기업기관 환경정보 공개 2015 13년 환경정보공개 대상 기업기관 환경정보 공개 2014 '12년 환경정보공개 대상 기업기관 환경정보 공개 2013 11년 환경정보공개 대상 기업기관 환경정보 공개 2012 환경정보공개제도 확대·시행 ('12.01월) 기존 녹색기업에서 중앙행정기관, 지자체, ※ 공공기관(일부), 국공립대학, 지방공사공단(일부), 온실가스·에너지 목표관리업체 등으로 확대 시행 2011 『환경정보공개제도 운영규정』 고시 ※ 환경정보의 공개 방법 및 절차 등 규정 10환경정보공개대상 기업(기관) 확대 관련 법적기반 마련 녹색기업 대상 '10년 환경정보 공개 2010 녹색기업 대상 '09년 환경정보 공개 녹색기업지정제도 운영규정 개정('09.12월)을 ※ 통한 우선 시행 2008 환경정보공개시스템 시범 구축 2007 환경정보공개제도 도입방안 연구 및 공청회 실시 01. 환경정보 등록실무자 교육 운영 거점별 등록 교육 환경정보 등록 및 시스템 사용방법 등 실무자 대상 실습형 교육(5~6월) 서울, 부산, 대전 등 주요 거점별 집합교육 실시('22년 8개 도시 384명 교육) 1:1 맞춤형 등록 교육 다수 사업장 보유 기업에 현장 파견 또는 기술원 방문 실습형 교육(수시) 등록 교육 동영상 제공 시스템에 정보 등록 시 구체적인 방법 안내를 위한 동영상 강의 제공(등록화면 내) 02. 헬프데스크 운영 전화(02-2284-1980), 이메일(env-info@keiti.re.kr) 상담 서비스 제공 03. 환경정보공개 우수 기업·기관 시상 우수환경 정보 등록 기업 및 관련 유공자에 대해 매년 포상을 실시하여 환경정보 등록의 충실성을 높이고 우수 녹색경영 사례를 확산시키고자 함 〈환경정보공개대상((大賞) 시상식〉 2013년 【대상】 한국철도공사 【우수상】 부산환경공단, STX조선해양, LG이노텍(주), 인천국제공항공사, 주식회사 경기고속 【장려상】 강원대학교병원, 성균관대학교 【특별상】 (주)대림제지, 케이오씨㈜ 2014년 【대상】 한화L&C(주) 세종사업장 【우수상】 광주교육대학교, 국민은행, 성남시청, 대구도시철도공사, ㈜LG 생활건강 청주공장 【특별상】 삼화제지(주), 씨제이라이온(주) 2015년 【대상】 유한킴벌리(주) 【우수상】 경기도청, 신한은행, ㈜부산롯데호텔, 한국지역난방공사 2016년 【대상】 금호미쓰이화학(주) 【우수상】 안산시청, 우리은행, 한국보훈복지의료공단, 한국조폐공사 화폐본부 2017년 【우수상】 ㈜진에어 전북대학교병원 한국광해관리공단 【특별상】 쌍용해운(주) 2018년 【대 상】대전광역시 도시철도공사 【우수상】 광진구시설관리공단, 대구환경공단, 한국지역난방공사, 한국남동발전(주) 분당본부, 한국표준과학연구원 【특별상】 GS파워 주식회사, 대전광역시 서구청 2019년 【대상】 대구경북과학기술원 【우수상】 라이온코리아, 아산시시설관리공단, 포항공과대학교, 김포시시설관리공단, 충남대학교병원 【특별상】 부산정관에너지 2020년 【대상】 현대글로비스(주) 【우수상】 대구환경공단, 인천항만공사, 롯데컬처웍스(주), 마산의료원, 청주교육대학교 【특별상】 한화호텔앤드리조트(주) 제주 2021년 【대상】 한국도로공사 【우수상】 농협은행(주), 이마트, 그랜드코리아레저, 대구환경공단, 노원구서비스공단 【특별상】 (한국남동발전(주) 영흥발전본부, 신도림테크노마트 주식회사 2022년 【환경부장관상】 (주)삼양사 울산1공장, 인천항만공사, (주)부산롯데호텔, 한국지역난방공사 용인지사, 충청남도 천안의료원 【기술원장상】 한전KPS, 농림식품기술기획평가원","rdcnt":"0","rgtrId":"prefix","strRegDt":"2023-08-24","regDt":"2023-08-24 00:00:00.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"1046","STUS":"","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"환경정보공개","ALIAS":"envr"}},{"Uid":"2","Rank":"0","Date":"2023/08/24 12:00:00","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"envr","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"2010","Date":"20230824120000","no":"2010","sj":"환경정보공개보고서","bbsCd":"ENVR_INFO_RLS","cn":"환경정보 공개보고서('18-'22) 2018 환경정보 공개보고서(2016년 정보기준).pdf(24.9 MB) 2019 환경정보 공개보고서(2017년 정보기준).pdf(52.6 MB) 2020 환경정보 공개보고서(2018년 정보 기준).pdf(693 MB) 2021 환경정보 공개보고서(2019년 정보 기준).pdf(13.2 MB) 2022 환경정보 공개보고서(2020년 정보 기준).pdf(35.8 MB)","rdcnt":"0","rgtrId":"prefix","strRegDt":"2023-08-24","regDt":"2023-08-24 00:00:00.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"1046","STUS":"","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"환경정보공개","ALIAS":"envr"}},{"Uid":"3","Rank":"0","Date":"2023/08/24 12:00:00","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"envr","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"2011","Date":"20230824120000","no":"2011","sj":"국내외 환경정보공개 현황","bbsCd":"ENVR_INFO_RLS","cn":"한국거래소 한국거래소는 '21.01.18 ESG 정보공개 가이던스를 제정 및 발표하였으며, 환경, 사회, 조직 관련 12개 항목 21개 권고공개지표로 구성되어 있음 환경 : 온실가스배출(3) 에너지사용(3) 물사용(1) 폐기물배출(1) 법규위반, 사고(1) 사회 : 임직원현황(4) 안전, 보건(3) 정보보안(1) 공정경쟁(1) 조직 : ESG대응(1) ESG평가(1) 이해관계자(1) 한국거래소 ESG 정보공개 가이던스.PDF TCFD 2017년 금융기관의 기후변화 리스크 대응 전략 수립 및 금융기관 투자기업의 기후변화 정보공개를 촉구하는 권고안이 발표되었고, 이를 채택하는 기관이 세계적으로 급증하고 있음. 우리나라는 환경부, 한국환경산업기술원이 최초로 TCFD 권고안 지지를 선언한 이래 75개 기업 및 기관이 참여('21.10월 기준) 기후변화와 관련된 재무정보공개의 핵심요소 지배구조 기후 변화 관련 위험과 기회에 대한 조직의 지배구조 a.기후 변화 관련 위험과 기회에 대한 조직의 지배구조 b.기후 변화와 관련된 위험과 기회를 평가하고 관리하는 경영진의 역할을 설명 전략 기후 변화 관련 위험 및 기회가 조직의 사업, 전략 및 재무 계획에 미치는 실질적 및 잠재적 영향 a.조직이 단기, 중기 및 장기간에 걸쳐 파악한 기후 변화와 관련된 위험과 기회를 설명 b.기후 변화와 관련된 위험과 기회가 조직의 사업, 전력 및 재무 계획에 미치는 영향을 설명 c.2도씨 이하의 시나리오를 포함하여 다양한 기후 변화와 관련된 시나리오를 고려한 조직 전략의 회복탄력성을 설명 위험 관리 기후 변화 관련 위험을 파악, 평가 및 관리하기 위해 기관이 사용하는 프로세스 a.기후 변화와 관련된 위험을 식별하고 평가하기 위한 조직의 프로세스를 설명 b.기후 변화와 관련된 위험을 관리하기 위한 조직의 프로세스를 설명 c.기후 변화와 관련된 위험을 식별, 평가 및 관리하는 프로세스가 조직의 전반적인 위험 관리에 어떻게 통합되는지 설명 지표와 감축목표 해당 기후 변화 관련 위험 및 기회를 평가하고 관리하는데 사용되는 지표와 감축목표 a.조직이 전략 및 위험 관리 프로세스에 따라 기후 변화와 관련된 위험과 기회를 평가하기 위해 사용된 지표를 공개 b.Scope1, Scope2, 그리고 해당되는 경우 Scope3 온실가스(GHG) 배출량 및 관련 위험을 공개 c.기후 변화와 관련된 위험, 기회 및 목표 대비 성과를 관리하기 위해 조직이 사용하는 대상 GRI GRI 표준은 지속가능성 보고에 대한 글로벌 모범 사례를 반영하도록 검토되어 이해관계자와 규제기관의 정보요구 대응을 지원 GRI 표준은 모든 조직이 경제, 환경 및 사람에 미치는 영향을 비교 가능하고 신뢰할 수 있는 방식으로 이해하고 보고할 수 있도록 하여 지속가능한 개발 기여에 대한 투명성을 제고함 GRI Standard GRI 100 보편적 기준으로 보고서 원칙, 일반적 공시내용, 경영방식 보고방법 등을 규정 GRI 200 경제 GRI 300 환경 GRI 400 사회 ISSB 국제지속가능성기준위원회(ISSB)는 '22년 3월 지속가능성 공시를 위한 최초의 기준서인 'IFRS S1 일반 공시원칙' 및 'IFRS S2 기후 관련 공시'를 공개초안 형태로 발표 공개초안은 TCFD 권고안을 기반으로 SASB 기준의 산업별 공시 요구사항을 통합하여 작성되었으며, 광범위한 이해관계자들의 요구를 충족하기 위한 국가별 의견을 수용하여 최종안을 '23년 발표할 예정임\"\"","rdcnt":"0","rgtrId":"prefix","strRegDt":"2023-08-24","regDt":"2023-08-24 00:00:00.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"1046","STUS":"","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"환경정보공개","ALIAS":"envr"}}]}},{"Id":"esgcnsl","MorphemeAnalysis":{"Field":{"sj":"","cn":"","pblcnInstt":"","TAG":"","rm":""}},"DocumentSet":{"Count":"2","TotalCount":"2","Document":[{"Uid":"1","Rank":"0","Date":"2023/08/24 12:00:00","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"esgcnsl","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"2012","Date":"20230824120000","no":"2012","sj":"친환경경영(ESG) 컨설팅지원사업 소개","bbsCd":"ESG_CNSL_SPRT","cn":"사업목적 국내 중소기업의 환경경영 전환을 위한 맞춤형 전문 컨설팅 지원등을 통해 녹색산업의 동반성장 유도 경영 여건이 열악한 제조분야 중소기업을 대상으로 친환경 경영체제 및 공정 개선 등 ESG 컨설팅 제공 사업추진 절차 컨설팅사/ 참여기업 모집 및 선정(2~3월) → 컨설팅 착수(기업 기초‧정밀진단 및 개선사항 도출, 실행)(3~11월)→ 성과확산 워크숍 개최(10월) → 우수사례 및 성과 도출(12월) 지원대상 국내 제조분야 중소기업(업종(협회) 단위로 지원) ※산업계 경영환경 분석으로 우선지원 업종 선정 후 모집공고 주요 지원내용 맞춤형 ESG 컨설팅 제공 기존 컨설팅 내용에 추가하여 ESG 경영체계 구축, 타 지원사업 연계 등 기업이 필요한 부분을 맞춤형으로 지원 기본 지원(~'21년) 환경오염물질 배출 저감 및 자원·에너지 절약 등을 위한 현장 진단 및 솔루션 제공 + 기업별 맞춤형 추가 지원('22년 신규) ESG 경영체제 구축 : ESG 경영목표 수립, 모니터링 및 성과분석 방안 제시 친환경 마케팅 지원 : 환경표지, 녹색기업 등 환경분야 인증 취득 지원 ESG 역량강화 : 관리자 및 담당자 대상 ESG 관련 교육 프로그램 제공 타 지원사업 연계 : 환경 시설·설비 투자 지원사업 안내 및 신청 지원 환경정보공개제도 참여 지원 : 환경정보공개제도 자발적 참여방법 안내 및 혜택* 제공 * 채권 만기일 또는 상환일 전 발행자가 작성하는 해당 프로젝트 '환경영향' 및 '자금배분' 관련 보고서 멘토링 프로그램 운영 과년도 참여기업 일부를 멘토로 지정하여 심화 컨설팅 제공 및 동종업계 대상 노하우 전파","rdcnt":"0","rgtrId":"prefix","strRegDt":"2023-08-24","regDt":"2023-08-24 00:00:00.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"1046","STUS":"","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"ESG컨설팅 지원","ALIAS":"esgcnsl"}},{"Uid":"2","Rank":"0","Date":"2023/08/24 12:00:00","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"esgcnsl","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"2013","Date":"20230824120000","no":"2013","sj":"통합환경안전관리시스템","bbsCd":"ESG_CNSL_SPRT","cn":"목적 기업의 환경경영을 위한 규제 대응, 자원·에너지 및 환경오염물질을 자체적으로 관리할 수 있는 통합 시스템 제공 주요내용 생산제품, 원자재 정보를 입력하여 ①환경규제 위반여부 확인, ②자원의 최적 관리, ③환경경영 성과 도출이 가능한 시스템 개발 및 시범 적용 환경규제 위반여부 확인 환경 10개 법령에 대한 위반여부 확인 ※안전분야 6개 법령 추가 검토 보유 시설·물질에 대한 법 준수사항 사전체크 법령별 위반사례 검색 법령별 위반사례 검색 해당기업 원자재 사용량, 오염물질 배출량 등 정량정보 입력 및 실시간 확인 환경경영 성과 도출 환경규제 사전대응 건 수, 자원·에너지, 온실가스 감축량 등 연도별 환경경영 성과 통계 제공 → 목표대비 달성률 도출 등 ※'중소기업 자율환경관리‧ESG경영 촉진' 업무협약을 맺은 표면처리업체를 대상으로 시스템 시범 적용 ※시범적용 성과(환경규제 사전대응 건 수 등)를 바탕으로 동종업계 회원사 추가 적용 및 타 업종 확대 버전 개발('23~) 운영체계 기술원이 초기 프로그램을 개발하고, 조합·협회가 배포하여 기업이 자체적으로 운영 환경부 사업 운영 총괄 및 성과 관리 한국환경산업기술원(keiti) · 프로그램 개발 용역 관리 · 프로그램 기능 추가 관련 기업 의견수렴 시스템 개발사 · 프로그램 개발 및 조합·협회 서버 구축 지원 · 프로그램 기능 개선 및 업데이트 버전 배포 조합·협회 · 데이터(기업 입력 정보) 서버 관리 · 기업 대상 프로그램 홍보 및 배포 기업 프로그램 시범 적용 및 개선의견 제시","rdcnt":"0","rgtrId":"prefix","strRegDt":"2023-08-24","regDt":"2023-08-24 00:00:00.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"1046","STUS":"","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"ESG컨설팅 지원","ALIAS":"esgcnsl"}}]}},{"Id":"greenent","MorphemeAnalysis":{"Field":{"sj":"","cn":"","pblcnInstt":"","TAG":"","rm":""}},"DocumentSet":{"Count":"2","TotalCount":"2","Document":[{"Uid":"1","Rank":"0","Date":"2023/08/24 12:00:00","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"greenent","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"2015","Date":"20230824120000","no":"2015","sj":"지정절차","bbsCd":"GREEN_ENT","cn":"지정기준 자격기준 : 다음 각 호 모두 적합할 것 1. 환경관리현황, 환경성평가, 오염물질 관리현황, 환경개선계획 구비 2. 과거 2년간 환경법규 위반에 따른 실형(100만원 또는 금고 이상)없을 것 3. 과거 3년간 녹색기업 지정 취소된 사실 없을 것 4. 대기 · 수질 배출농도규제치의 50% 이내로 관리될 것(SOx 80%, NOx 90% 이하) 평가기준 : 최종평가 점수가 총점의 80%(대기업 560점, 중소기업 480점) 이상 녹색경영보고서 가이드라인 녹색경영 성과평가 활용 TOOL 지정취소 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 경우 1. 거짓이나 그 밖의 부정한 방법으로 지정 받은 경우 2. 「환경기술 및 환경산업 지원에 관한 법률」 제16조의2제4항에 따른 지정기준에 맞지 아니하게 된 경우 3. 환경관련 법령을 위반하는 등 녹색기업에 적합하지 아니한 것으로서 대통령령으로 정하는 경우 4. 부도, 폐업 또는 휴업 후 6개월 이내에 재가동하지 아니하는 경우","rdcnt":"0","rgtrId":"prefix","strRegDt":"2023-08-24","regDt":"2023-08-24 00:00:00.0","orign":"","orignUrl":"","hmpg":"","bgnde":"","endde":"","dateCnt":"1046","STUS":"","ntcBgnde":"","RESN":"","pblcnInstt":"","pblcnDt":"","TAG":"","ctgryCd":"","seCd":"","rlsYn":"Y","rm":"녹색기업","ALIAS":"greenent"}},{"Uid":"2","Rank":"0","Date":"2023/08/24 12:00:00","Weight":"0","SearcherId":"sc","CollectionId":"greenent","DuplicateDocumentCount":"0","Field":{"DOCID":"2014","Date":"20230824120000","no":"2014","sj":"녹색기업의 정의","bbsCd":"GREEN_ENT","cn":"개요 정부/기업 간 협력적 파트너십을 바탕으로 환경경영체제 구축, 자원 및 에너지 절감, 오염물질의 현저한 저감, 사회적 · 윤리적 책임 이행 등 환경경영 우수 기업 및 사업장을 “녹색기업”으로 지정 ※ '95년부터 '환경친화기업 지정제도'로 운영해 왔으며, '저탄소 녹색성장 기본법' 시행('10.4)으로 인해 '녹색기업'으로 명칭 변경 법적근거 환경기술 및 환경산업 지원법 제16조의2(녹색기업의 지정 등 녹색기업 지정제도 운영규정(환경부 고시 제2016-267호, ˊ16.12.27) 추진 경과 1995년 04월 “환경친화기업운영규정” 제정(환경부 예규) 2004년 03월 “환경친화기업지정제도운영규정” 고시 개정 - 환경경영평가 강화, 심사요건의 객관성 및 전문성 제고 등 2007년 06월 “환경친화기업지정제도운영규정” 고시개정 - 환경친화기업 배출농도 강화기준 일부 완화(SOx, NOx) - 환경개선계획 변경승인 대상범위 조정(10/100→30/100) 2009년 12월 「규모별 · 업종별 환경친화기업 평가기준 개발(1차)」연구 용역 추진('09.6~12) 2009년 12월 “환경친화기업지정제도 운영규정” 고시 개정 - 녹색기업 환경정보공개 의무화 2010년 04월 「저탄소 녹색성장 기본법」제정시행 및 “녹색기업 출범식” 개최 - “환경친화기업” → “녹색기업”으로 개명 2010년 12월 「규모별 · 업종별 녹색기업 평가기준 개발(2차)」연구용역 추진('10.4~12) 2011년 04월 「환경기술 및 환경산업 지원법」개정 - 녹색기업 지정 시 보고 · 검사 면제 대상 법률 추가 및 녹색기업 간 협력사업 등에 대한 기술 · 자금 지원의 법적 근거 마련 ('11.10.28. 시행) 2011년 07월 「녹색기업 지정제도 운영규정」개정 - 업종별 · 규모별 특성을 반영한 14종의 업종별 평가기준 등 반영 2014년 01월 「환경기술 및 환경산업 지원법」개정 시행 - 지정 및 취소 권한 위임(환경부장관→환경청장), 유효기간 명확화, 재지정 신청 기한 조정(지정 만료일 3개월 전→6개월 전) 2014년 04월 「녹색기업 지정제도 운영규정」개정 시행 - 환기환산법 개정내용 반영, 녹색경영보고서 기술원 검토 요청, 녹색경영 우수중소기업 지정심사 우대, 공통 가 · 감점 항목 및 배점 조정 등 2015년 03월 「녹색기업 지정제도 운영규정」개정 시행 - 녹색기업 재지정 신청기업 등에 대한 특례 폐지, 녹색기업 심사단 구성 · 운영방법 변경 등 2016년 12월 「녹색기업 지정제도 운영규정」개정 시행 - 절대평가 기준 도입, 오염물질 배출농도의 강화기준 준수 여부 확인 등 녹색기업 우대사항 지도/점검 면제 및 배출시설(수질 · 대기)의 허가를 신고로 대체 사업장의 환경개선에 소요되는 자금 및 기술지원 우대 오염원 적정가동 여부 또는 오염물질 처리 실태를 파악하기 위한 보고, 오염물질의 채취 또는 관계 서류·시설·장비의 검사 면제 녹색기업 활성화 추진 내용 녹색기업 대상(大賞) 시상식('11~) 및 녹색경영 국제컨퍼런스 개최('11~'16) 1차년도 ('11.04.14) 대상(1) 삼성전기 수원사업장 우수상(2) 금호미쓰이화학, 한국남부발전하동화력발전본부 환경정보등록 최우수상(1) 한라공조 대전공장 2차년도 ('12.10.26) 대상(1) GS파워 부천열병합발전처 최우수상(1) 대한항공 우수상(2) 한국중부발전 제주화력발전소, 금호피앤비화학 2공장 특별상(2) 부산패션칼라산업협동조합, 케이씨씨 전주2공장 3차년도 ('13.11.06) 대상(1) LG전자㈜ 창원2공장 최우수상(1) 한국서부발전㈜ 서인천발전본부 우수상(2) ㈜유한양행 오창공장, 동부제철㈜ 인천공장 특별상(2) 엠도흐멘코리아㈜ 4차년도 ('14.10.24) 대상(1) 한국중부발전 제주화력발전소 최우수상(1) 삼성디스플레이 천안사업장 우수상(1) 한국바스프 여수공장 특별상(1) 송강산업 5차년도 ('15.8.27) 대상(1) LG화학 오창1공장 최우수상(1) 서울우유협동조합 안산공장 우수상(2) GS파워주식회사 안양열병합발전처, 송강산업㈜ 장려상(3) ㈜LG생명과학 익산공장, ㈜한독 음성공장, 한온시스템㈜ 평택공장 특별상(1) 씨제이라이온㈜ 6차년도 ('16.6.23) 대상(1) 삼성SDI㈜ 천안사업장 최우수상(2) 동우화인켐㈜ 익산공장, LG이노텍㈜ 구미2공장 우수상(2) 롯데케미칼㈜ 여수공장, 한국동서발전㈜ 일산화력본부 장려상(2) 한국남부발전㈜ 신인천발전본부, ㈜만도 익산공장 특별상(1) 한화디펜스㈜ 7차년도 ('17.6.22) 대상(1) ㈜만도 원주공장 최우수상(2) ㈜한독 음성공장, 한화테크윈㈜ 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